Grad Zrenjanin - The town of Zrenjanin

ISTORIJA - HISTORYZrenjanin se spominje 1326. godine kao selo podignuto na tri ostrva reke Begej. Smatra se da je na mestu gradskog centra nekad bio avarsko-slovenski ring. Mesto je potom bilo u posedu mađarske vlastelinske porodice "Beče". Pred tursku najezdu, postaje vlasništvo srpskog despota. Kasnije je bila podignuta i tvrđava, a mesto su naselili Srbi, Nemci, Rumuni, Italijani, Francuzi, čak i Španci („Nova Barselona“). Veliki Bečkerek, stari naziv mesta, postao je trgovište 1769. godine.Na Batki se nalaze ostaci neolitske starčevske kulture, a kod Aradca nekropola iz vremena velike seobe naroda. Najstarije građevine su pravoslavna crkva — Uspenska crkva u Svetosavskoj ulici (1746); zatim, katolička katedrala (1868); zgrada pozorišta (1840), županije (1885) i Narodni muzej (1894). Grad se razvio oko utvrđenog jezgra kao aglomeracija seoskih naselja i planski podignutih naselja.Grad je 1807. doživeo katastrofalni požar. U revolucionarnoj prošlosti, u narodnooslobodilačkom ratu, iz ovoga kraja je sedam narodnih heroja poginulo u borbi, a oko 10.000 rodoljuba bilo je u logorima i zatvorima; 2.500 ih je streljano. Posle Drugog svetskog rata je grad doživeo privredni procvat. Posle 1991. godine, pretežno izvozna orijentacija privrede je praktično upropaštena sankcijama i raspadom Jugoslavije, jer je izgubila tržište. Od 2000. godine, grad se lagano oporavlja. Za vreme Austro-Ugarske bio je glavni grad ugarske županije Torontal, čiji je najveći deo posle Prvog svetskog rata pripao Kraljevini Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca, a manji deo Kraljevini Rumuniji.Od 1935. godine grad se naziva Petrovgrad, a od 1946. godine Zrenjanin, po narodnom heroju Žarku Zrenjaninu Uči.31. avgusta 2003. godine, Zrenjanin je pogodilo veliko nevreme koje je prouzrokovalo veću materijalnu štetu.1. januara 2008., odlukom Vlade Srbije, Zrenjanin i zvanično dobija status Grada.The town of (Veliki) Bečkerek / (Nagy) Becskerek was first settled in the 14th century, the first mention of it dates from 1326. The merchant town on the Begej river became a property of the Serbian prince Stefan Lazarević in the 14th century. The town was ruled by the Kingdom of Hungary until 1551 when it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire. Mehmed-paša Sokolović, the founder of the vakuf of BečkerekThe Ottoman army that conquered Bečkerek was led by Mehmed-paša Sokolović, a Ottoman statesman of Serb origin, hence the local Serbs from Bečkerek helped him to conquer the town. After the town fell, Mehmed-paša met with the leaders of local Serbs, and nominated beg Malković for administrator of Bečkerek. As a gratitude to Serbs for their help, Mehmed-paša later (in 1570) turned the town into his vakuf (foundation), built there many beautiful buildings, and granted local autonomy to it. During the Ottoman rule, the town of Bečkerek was divided into two parts (mahalas) - one Serb and another Muslim.In 1716, Bečkerek was conquered by the Habsburg Monarchy and it developed significantly by Maria Theresia's order of 1769. According to the 1753 data, the town was mostly populated by Serbs and Germans. According to the 1773 data, the population of the town numbered 721 houses, of which 625 were Orthodox Christian, and 96 Roman Catholic.In 1779, Bečkerek became a seat of Torontal county.Bečkerek got a theatre hall in 1839 and a gymnasium in 1846, as well as a City Hall in 1820 and the Palace of Justice in 1908.During the Revolution of 1848-1849, the town was one of de facto capitals of Serbian Vojvodina, a Serbian autonomous region within Habsburg Empire. Between 1849 and 1860, it was part of a separate Austrian crownland known as the Vojvodina of Serbia and Tamiš Banat. After the abolishment of this province, the town was included into Torontal County, and was the administrative center of this county. After 1867, Bečkerek was located within the Hungarian part of Austria-Hungary. Small bridge, Reformation church and Court House Monument of Žarko ZrenjaninAccording to the 1910 census, the city had 26,006 inhabitants, of which 9,148 most frequently spoke Hungarian language, 8,934 Serbian language, 6,811 German language, 456 Slovak language, and 339 Romanian language. The municipal area of the city had 54,715 inhabitants, of which 16,485 most frequently spoke German language, 14,445 Serbian language, 10,581 Romanian language, 8,573 Hungarian language, and 3,265 Slovak language. It is not certain whether Hungarians or Serbs were largest ethnic group in the city in this time, since 1910 census is considered partially inaccurate by most historians because this census did not recorded the population by ethnic origin or mother tongue, but by the "most frequently spoken language", thus the census results overstated the number of Hungarian speakers, since this was official language at the time and many non-Hungarian native speakers stated that they most frequently speak Hungarian language in everyday communication. The city was also home to 1,232 Jews, of whom many were native Hungarian speakers. Another problem is that the city and its municipal area were administered separatelly, thus the total population of the city and its municipal area counted together was 80,721 people, of whom 23,379 most frequently spoke Serbian language, 23,296 German language, 17,721 Hungarian language, 10,920 Romanian language, and 3,721 Slovak language.After World War I, the city became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later renamed to Yugoslavia). In 1921, the population of the city included 39% Serbs and Croats, 28% Germans, 27% Hungarians, and 6% Romanians. Between 1918 and 1922, it was a centre of a county within the Kingdom, between 1922 and 1929, it was part of the Belgrade oblast, and between 1929 and 1941 part of the Danube Banovina.Between 1941 and 1944, it was under Axis occupation, and was part of the autonomous Banat within German-occupied Serbia. Beginning in 1945, Zrenjanin was part of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina within the new Socialist Yugoslavia, and from 1992 to 2003 it was part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which was then transformed into the state union of Serbia and Montenegro. Since the 2006 independence of Montenegro, Zrenjanin has been part of an independent Serbia._____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________PRIVRED A - TRANSPORTATIONZrenjanin je značajan industrijski centar Banata i Vojvodine. Najstariji industrijski objekat je pivara, osnovana 1745. godine. U Zrenjaninu postoji razvijena industrija tekstila, tepiha, nameštaja, duvana, građevinsko-industrijski kombinat, brodogradilište na Begeju, i poljoprivredno-prehrambena industrija. Na Begejskom kanalu razvijen je ribolov.U Zrenjaninu postoji i hemijska industrija.Termoelektrana - toplanaZrenjanin has a public transport which consists of buses. "Autobanat" operates as a public transport company and between nearby cities (Novi Sad, Belgrade, Kikinda, Vršac). Trasport has a long tradition in Zrenjanin. In the past river traffic on the Begej river used to be most developed sort of goods transport. Veliki Bečkerek got railway in 1883, when it had been connected to Velika Kikinda. There are many taxi operators in Zrenjanin. Main taxi station is located just across "Vojvodina" hotel.Zrenjanin has a public transport which consists of buses. "Autobanat" operates as a public transport company and between nearby cities (Novi Sad, Belgrade, Kikinda, Vršac). Trasport has a long tradition in Zrenjanin. In the past river traffic on the Begej river used to be most developed sort of goods transport. Veliki Bečkerek got railway in 1883, when it had been connected to Velika Kikinda. There are many taxi operators in Zrenjanin. Main taxi station is located just across "Vojvodina" hotel.______________________________________________________ ____________________________________SPORT - SPORTSZrenjanin ima dugu sportsku tradiciju. Prvi sportski klubovi su osnovani u 1880-ima. Iz Zrenjanina je bio fudbalski klub „Proleter“, koji je bio aktivan od 1947. do 2005. godine.Danas postoji klub „FK Banat“, koji igra u prvoj saveznoj ligi i svoje domaće utakmice igra u Karađorđevom parku, gradskom stadionu koji ima kapacitet za 18.700 gledalaca.Zrenjanin has a long sports tradition. First clubs were established during 1880s.Zrenjanin was the home town of Proleter football club from 1947 until 2005. Today, FK Banat plays it's games at Karađorđev Park Stadium in Serbian Premier League.Dejan Bodiroga,Vladimir Grbic,Nikola Grbic,Snezana Peric ... ______________________