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Dear Mr. Wilczak,
I am a descendant of General Arnold. Being understandably dissatisfied with what little was taught in school and with what is considered "general knowledge", I am reading everything I can get my hands on about the man. I look forward with eager anticipation to purchasing and reading your book.
With kindest regards,
~Julie Thompson~
Spanaway, WA
Julie,
I look forward to hearing about your thoughts on the book. I am confidant in my research and I agree with you that much of the "general knowledge" is insufficient. Please contact me with your thoughts and opinion as I never lose interest in the subject and trying to clear his name. I am working on the next book which will further state my case.
Thank you,
Robert E. Wilczak
Mr. Wilczak,I read your book this fall and enjoyed it tremendously. The amount of research you did is staggering.I have a couple of things that aren't clear to me and hope you can give me your insight to them. First why did Arnold initiate talks with the British in the first place? (I understand that later he restarted correspondence per Washington). Second, I do not understand why when the Americans captured Andre, Arnold didn't just say I am under orders of Washington and am not a traitor. (Did he hope to go under cover to gain information from the British ? Was that the plan all along?) Third, When the war was over and Arnold was in Canada, why did Washington bring him home and tell the world he wasn't a traitor? Fourth, are you working on another book? What is it about and when will it come out?Thank you for your insights and the great book.Regards,
Jim
Jim,Thank you for your questions and I apologize for the late reply.
Benedict Arnold was sent to Philadelphia to restore order and heal the city after the British occupation. Philadelphia included Loyalists, Patriots, and Quakers [who didn't want any confrontation].There were some who were poor and some who had wealth they wanted to protect. There were many hard feelings as some of the population suffered under both British control as well as that of the hard line patriots. Many members of the cities elite were loyalists under British Occupation and non-participants under colonial laws and vise versa. There was an element who preferred the strict laws of British hegemony rather than risk their family and fortunes under a colonial regime where lawless bands of starving soldiers helped themselves to whatever was available. Colonial currency was devalued to a point where many merchants sold their goods to the British. Their families survival was, in their minds, more important than feeding the Continental Army who would most probably lose the war. Likewise, most members of Congress were wealthy businessmen. Some laid their fortunes on the line for the cause. A few played both sides of the fence, hedging their bet if the Revolution was lost. You must remember, some members of Congress also had wanted to replace Washington. Arnold's initial contact with the British, in my opinion, was an attempt to uncover any members of Congress or the military who might be profiting from the war by their correspondence and involvement with the British. Again, in my opinion, this was accomplished though the family of one of his aides, David Franks, whose uncle was a wealthy businessman in the city but carried patriot sympathies.
Next question - I do believe Arnold panicked when told of Andre's capture. It was unclear to Arnold at that time what Andre revealed or said [except that he carried the plans of West Point] so lets take a look at the scenario.1. The Head of British Intelligence is caught with plans for an attack on West Point.
2. He has a pass to travel through Continental lines, signed by Arnold.
3. If Washington had been involved in the plan, Congress most assuredly would have replaced him, not trusting future actions of their General. Remember, some in Congress did not like him and were unforgiving of his being unable to protect Philadelphia upon British attack and to secure overall victory in general. Washington's replacement would have led to mass desertions by his men and officers. They were already suffering this and were quite extended due to the prolonged war.
4. French assistance would have most likely ended had the commanding general of the Continental army been involved in such a plot. They were already reluctant having abandoned the Continental army once before. Washington, at the very same time, was in conference with Rochambeau. Only upon his return to West Point, did he learn of the circumstances.I do feel that Arnold's and Washington's initial plan was to stall the British until Washington could secure assistance [both army and navy] from the French. It was also useful in stopping a possible British attack on the newly arrived French forces. Remember- West Point was held out there like a carrot to Sir Henry Clinton to stall a British attack on Washington's army at Morristown in the spring of 1780. This was now the summer of 1780.
I am sure Arnold felt he would be exchanged for Andre. When Andre was quickly hung, after a brief military trial, Arnold secured a rank with the British and, in my opinion, helped from within the British Military command.
One question I would like to ask you. Does it make sense that the Revolution and an army of battered, underfed, under supplied soldiers, who barely survived the winter of 1780 could overcome the odds of the war lasting much longer. Up until that point, Washington's army had been soundly defeated at Long Island, run out of Manhattan, chased though the Jersey countryside and lost Philadelphia. Savanah and Charleston were lost in the south and the British navy controlled the Chesapeake. Only minor victories at Trenton and Princeton went well. Of course, the victory at Saratoga was immense but Horatio Gates took the credit for that. The French were deeply concerned with getting too involved with the Americans because of the condition of Washington's army, and had no interest in helping us secure democracy. Then within one year of Arnold going over to the British, Washington secures a victory over Cornwallis at Yorktown. Remember, Arnold, while with the British, had just supplied Cornwallis's army and was aware of troop strength and movement.
Arnold's move to the British was also troublesome to Sir Henry Clinton. Clinton never fully trusted him but had to secure payment and rank as was the arrangement. Future intelligence actions among other British sources depended on it. Upon Arnold's arrival to England, he lobbied the Crown and received a pension for himself and his family. He received land up in Canada and helped establish the port at St John's, New Brunswick. Remember, there was no guarantee that the colonies would survive. There were still many problems to face for the young country. Some included payment for the soldiers who served, lack of support for a strong central government and military, no strong navy to speak of, lack of a strong currency, the acceptance of slavery by some states, and the continuous conflicts in the frontier regions. France, Spain and England still had control of the western borders and the native tribes were being pushed to their limits. Political in fighting was rapidly unfolding. The British offer and pension probably did not seem as bad as trying to secure military payment and restore his reputation if he returned. Three of his sons ended up in the military, one knighted, another a LT. General. Two others moved to Canada. He had a grandson who died in the Crimean war and a great grandson who was a Major General during WWI.
Washington could not have brought Arnold back. Any thought of that and the British would have hung him instantly, after the loss of Andre. Also, after the British Massacre of American soldiers at Fort Griswold, [Arnold was in command of the British unit but was not present when the massacre took place] his life and that of his family would not have been safe. It was a tremendous blow to his reputation. The massacre was headline news in the newspapers.
I am working on the next book which will include other information that supports my research. Thank you very much for your questions and contact me if you still have some questions. I enjoy answering them.Thank you,
Robert E. Wilczak
EYE OF THE EAGLE ROBERT E. WILCZAK “Brilliantly conceived and thoroughly researched book... A fascinating new look at one of history's most infamous men... You-are-there feel of a novel... Thought-provoking, intriguing and historically important, Eye of the Eagle will truly open your eyesâ€.
- New York Times best-selling author Ellen Tanner Marsh
EYE OF THE EAGLE ROBERT E. WILCZAK
It’s 1780 and the American Revolution is at a most critical crossroad. French assistance has finally arrived but to what extent will they participate?Washington’s Army, recuperating from the harsh winter at Morristown is being deployed and re-deployed around the City of New York, currently the headquarters of Sir Henry Clinton and the entire British forces in North America.Tensions are rising as Washington anticipates the inevitable British assault on his army or the newly arrived French in New Port, Rhode Island.In an unprecedented move, one of Washington’s beloved generals defects to the British. Stunned by this sudden change of events, Washington coordinates his army and that of the French.The momentum of the war would be forever altered.