Friuli:Regional languages and dialects
While standard Italian is the first official language of the region, several other regional languages and dialects are spoken in Friuli. Friulian is spoken in the provinces of Udine, Gorizia and Pordenone; Venetian is spoken in the western border regions and in two towns on the Adriatic coast; Slovenian is spoken in the eastern border regions; German and other Germanic languages are spoken in Val Canale, on the north-east border, and in several exclaves like Timau, Zahre (Sauris) and Plodn (Sappada). Only Friulian, Slovenian and German are allowed to be locally second-official languages in their historic areas. In Trieste's province, which is the Capital of Friuli-Venezia-Giulia but is not a Friulian city, a Venetian dialect is spoken.
Friuli (Furlan: Friûl, German: Friaul, Slovenian: Furlanija) is an area of northeastern Italy that comprises a major part of the autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia. Friuli's capital is Udine.
Historically, Friuli was bordered by the Livenza river to the west and the Timavo river to the east (de Livence al Timâf). At present, Friuli spans between Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Veneto.
Friuli borders Venezia Giulia (with which it forms Friuli-Venezia Giulia) and the Italian region of Veneto to the west, the republic of Austria to the north, and the republic of Slovenia to the east. It is situated between the Alps to the north and the Adriatic Sea to the south. Most of the area is flat and planar. Friuli has warm summers and mild winters. It is part of Southern Europe, but is considered as part of Central Europe by its inhabitants.
Friuli offers a variety of natural environments, some of which are not well-known and still uninhabited. Friuli's location, lying between the Alpi Carniche and the Adriatic Sea, makes for various environmental nuances, including snow-covered mountains, lush green valleys at the foot of the mountains, fertile hilly areas, tidily cultivated and flourishing plains, and sandy, golden beaches.
History
In ancient times, Friuli was inhabited by Celtic tribes before being colonized by the Roman Empire in the 2nd century BC. It was mainly influenced by Aquileia, a fluvial port with about 200,000 inhabitants; the port city was an important hub and the capital of the Venetia et Histria region of the Empire. In the mainland, cities like Forum Julii (Cividale del Friuli) and Iulium Carnicum (Zuglio) were founded during the era of Julius Caesar to expand Roman colonization; the former gave its name to the entire historical region.
The decline of Friuli began in the mid-2nd century AD, when it suffered an increasing number of invasions from barbaric tribes. In the 5th century, Aquileia was sacked and severely damaged by Attila's Hun army. Although it never recovered its previous economic importance, it maintained its status of capital thanks to the presence of the Patriarchate of Aquileia, one of the most important Catholic authorities of the Early Middle Ages.
In the 5th and 6th century, the political capital was moved to the more defendable Cividale. It was the first important city conquered by the Lombards in their invasion of Italy. Friuli became a semi-independent duchy and flourished until the 8th century. After the annexation of the Lombard Kingdom by Charlemagne, Friuli became part of the Frankish Empire. The city of Forum Julii became Civitas Austriae (Eastern City).
The Patriarch of Aquileia gradually extended his political authority to all of Friuli, receiving the ducal title from Emperor Henry IV in 1077. April 3 is a Friulian regional holiday in honor of April 3, 1077, when Friuli first became an independent state. The Patriarchate included Trieste, Istria, Carinthia, Styria and Cadore, and was one of the largest Italian states of the time. Disputes with the growing power of the Republic of Venice marked the history of the area until the 15th century. In the mainland, Cividale was replaced by the city of Udine, later becoming the seat of the Patriarch.
In 1420, the region was incorporated entirely within the Republic of Venice (Serenissima). In 1516, the eastern part became a province of the Austrian empire, while the western part remained Venetian (including the actual capital Udine) until 1797. In 1866, the latter part[specify] was incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy with the region of Venetia.
In 1921, after World War I, the whole of Friuli became part of Italy, but strong ties with Austria still remain. To some extent, Friuli keeps stronger ties with other regions of Mitteleuropa (Central Europe) than it does with Italy. This identity is the reason for the autonomous status of the region and a policy of promoting the region's own customs and traditions (including promotion of the Friulian language).
Trieste (Italian: Trieste; Slovenian: Trst; German: Triest) is a city and port in northeastern Italy right on the border with Slovenia. Trieste is located at the head of the Gulf of Trieste on the Adriatic Sea. With a population of 207,069 (2001) it is capital of the autonomous region Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Trieste province.
Trieste florished as part of Austro-Hungarian Empire during the period 1867 – 1918 when it was Central Europe's prosperous Mediterranean seaport and its capital of literature and music.
Today, Trieste is a border town. The population is an ethnic mix of the neighboring regions; The dominant local Venetian dialect of Trieste is called Triestine ("Triestin" - pronounced /tri'?stin/, in Italian "Triestino"). This dialect and Italian is spoken in the city center whilst Slovenian is spoken in several of the immediate suburbs. Italian and the Slovenian language are considered autochthonous to the area. There is also a large number of German-speakers.
The economy depends on the haven and on trade with its neighboring regions. Throughout the Cold War Trieste was peripheral, but is rebuilding some of its former influence.
Places of touristic interest in Trieste include numerous examples of Art Nouveau and neoclassical architecture from its Austrian past, the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, International School for Advanced Studies and the Trieste University.
I'd like to meet:
Friulians, Venetia-inhabitants,either in the region or in the world [ i.e. Fogolârs furlan) furlans] everyone liking this region.
Friulian (furlan or affectionately marilenghe in Friulian, friulano in Italian) is a Romance language belonging to the Rhaetian family, spoken in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of northeastern Italy. Friulian has around 600,000 speakers, the vast majority of whom also speak Italian. It is sometimes called Eastern Ladin, since it comes from the same roots as the Ladin Language although over the centuries it has diverged under the influence of surrounding languages including German, Italian, Venetian, and Slovenian. Documents in Friulian are attested from the 11th century, and poetry and literature dating as far back as 1300. By the 20th century, there was a revival of interest in the language, which has continued to this day.
In Italy
Today, Friulian is spoken in the province of Pordenone but widely throughout the province of Udine including the area of the Carnia Alps, in more than half of the province of Gorizia, and in the eastern part of the province of Venice. In the past, the language borders were wider since also in Trieste and Muggia particular variants of Friulian were spoken—the main document about the dialect of Trieste, or tergestino, is "Dialoghi piacevoli in dialetto vernacolo triestino", published by G. Mainati in 1828.
In the world
Friuli was until the 1960s an area of deep poverty, causing a large number of Friulian speakers to emigrate. Most went to France, Belgium, and Switzerland or outside Europe, to Canada, Australia, Argentina, Brazil, the United States, and South Africa. In these countries there are associations of Friulian immigrants (called Fogolâr furlan) who try to protect their traditions and language.
Toponyms
Every city and village in Friuli has two names, one in Italian and one in Friulian. Only the Italian is official and used in administration, although it is widely expected that the Friulian ones will receive partial acknowledgement in the near future. For example, the city of Udine is called Udin in Friulian, while the town of Tolmezzo is called Tumieç.
Venezia Giulia, also known as Julijska krajina in Slovenian, Vignesie Julie in Friulian Carsia Iulia in Latin, Julisch Venetien in German and Julian March, is a geographical, political and cultural region of Southeastern Europe, nestled on what is now the border between Italy, Slovenia and Croatia.
History
What is today grossly enclosed within the undetermined borders of Venezia Giulia was once included in the Küstenland of the Austrian Empire. The name "Venezia Giulia" was invented only in 1863 by the glossologist Graziadio Ascoli. He considered the ancient territory of the Regio X (Venetia et Histria, capital Aquileia) of the Augustus' age Roman Empire, dividing it into three parts:
* Venetia Iulia (Istria, Carniola, Iapidia)
* Venetia Tridentina (Trentino and South Tyrol)
* Venetia Euganea (the current Veneto region of Italy).
The Venetia Giulia was given its name from the Julian Alps, now divided between the province of Udine and Slovenia.
In 1866, part of this artificial territory was annexed to Italy. This included the Venetia Euganea and part of the Venetia Iulia, without the ancient counties of Gorizia and Gradisca. From this moment on, the use of term "Venetia Iulia" was restricted to the "irrendent" part of the Ascoli's Venetia Iulia that had remained under Habsburg rule. This region was therefore limited by the Isonzo river, the Julian Alps, the Gulf of Trieste and the Kvarner Gulf, including the Kras highland and Istria. The use of the term extended sometimes also the to the totality of Italian-speaking Dalmatia, that had remained a part of the Austrian Empire.
With the defeat of the latter in World War I, the Treaty of Saint-Germain of 1919 gave back Venetia Iulia to the Kingdom of Italy. The new provinces of Gorizia (which formed the new province of Friuli together with Udine), Trieste, Pola (Pula) and, later (1924), Fiume, were created. At that moment the two populations of Romance and Slavic language were in the new region roughly of the same size. Italians lived mostly in the main cities and along the coast, while Slavs inhabited the hinterland. Nationalist persecutions, however, caused the emigration of thousands of Slovenians and Croatians. The inverse phenomen took place after World War II, however, when most of it became part of Yugoslavia, and more than 250,000 ethnic Italians were displaced from the region.
In 1946 President Truman ordered the augmentation of US troops along the zonal occupation line and the reinforcement of air forces in northern Italy after Yugoslav forces shot down an unarmed US Army transport plane flying over Venezia Giulia.
Currently Venezia Giulia, a quite different region than the original one, includes the eastern part of the province of Gorizia, on the left bank of Isonzo and south to the Carso, and the province of Trieste. Total surface amount to some 679 km², comprised in the current region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia. The population speak mainly Venetian dialects, with presence of Slovenian dialects in the Italian part of the Carso and in the city of Trieste. Friulian dialects are spoken in several small centres along the Isonzo.
Music:
Space for Artists from Friuli or Venetia Julia:you will be listed here when you send a request to be added to this profile
-dlh posse
[Hip Hop / Rap / Reggae]
DAVIDE GIOVANNINI
-[R&B / Latin / Soul]
-Makako Jump
[Ska / Reggae / Dub]
-paolo muscovi
[Pop / Funk / Jazz]
-Gino Paoli[Pop]
-Prozac+ [Punk]
-Rhapsody Of Fire
[Metal / Classical / Other]
-Francesco Renga[Pop]
-So Cold
[Gothic / Metal / Rock]
-Tystnaden
[Death Metal / Gothic / Metal]
-Elisa Toffoli
Movies:
L'albero degli Zoccoli
Television:
famous tv characters : tv character Mandi Mandi[although not played by a Friulian person], Bruno Pizzul [tv sport commmentator]
Books:
Italo svevo , Pier Paolo Pasolini, Susanna Tamaro , Umberto Saba, Claudio Magris
Heroes:
I edited my profile with Thomas' Myspace Editor V4.4
