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AAICC

It is easier to believe a lie that one has heard a thousand times than to believe a fact that no one

About Me

AAICC)- Alliance for the Advancement of Indigenous/Chicano Culture, a nonprofit cultural organization in Corpus Christi, Texas.
Please visit our website... www.geocities.com/aaicc2000
PURPOSE: The purpose of AAICC is to 1. Proclaim, establish, expand, promote and support the true and undistorted education and study of the Chicano/Indigenous culture, history and heritage, among the world's richest and most advanced civilizations. 2. Obtain and disseminate authentic, accurate and current accounts of our heritage from; recorded history, ancient codices and writings, archiological finds, and most significant, from the oral wisdom of our native forefathers passed down through generations.
MISSION: It is hoped that through a sincere and collaborative effort of individuals and supportive organizations of similar interests and objectives, this alliance may discover, develop and utilize ways and means to progressively expand and continue the education of the history of the Chicano/Indigenous culture/s for our prosperity and that of future generations. This will be accomplished through the process of discussing, exchanging ideas and opinions, researching, analyzing, investigating and most importantly through cooperation and working together as a team. Some prospective measures that may be utilized to distribute, teach, and perpetuate, our cultural heritage are: exhibits, displays, workshops, seminars, lectures, readings, performances, productions, presentations, music, poetry, art, dances, danza, museums, cultural centers and any and all legal and feasible means at our disposal.
GOAL: It is the goal of AAICC that eventually, through extended knowledge and a deeper and unclouded understanding of our immortal roots, every descendent of our indigenous ancestors will renew his/her feelings of self-worth and self-respect. It is the contention of this coalition that if our people could obtain a higher degree of insight into the history and study of the splendor and magnificence of many of our great ancestral civilizations, cultures and cities such as, Cahokia, Teotihuacan, Tenochtitlan, and Chichen Itza, the dormant pride in their heritage would be awakened to seek further knowledge of our historical roots. Therefore, by the realization that we are descendants of a proud and highly intelligent bloodline, we may be inspired to pass this knowledge on our children and they turn to theirs, etc., hence, reversing the long self-degradation and downward cycle prevalent in so many of our people. We believe that early acquired pride in heritage will help develop a more positive self-image and self-assured attitude, thus facilitating achievement and excellence in academics, fine arts, sports, professions, careers, relationships, etc., consequently, setting and reaching higher goals for the attainment of the highest degree of integrity, dignity, self-respect and ultimately, success, prosperity and happiness in this great nation of liberty and justice for all.
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IN KEEPING WITH THE TRADITIONS OF OUR FOREFATHERS, WE PRAY OFTEN TO THE CREATOR FOR OUR EARTHLY AND SPIRITUAL NEEDS.
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Our People's Despair - Why?

So Many young ethnic minorities today are so intensely focused on assimilating and blending into society, trying so hard to be accepted that they have not only forgotten and neglected their heritage but now, because they are ashamed of what they are, they turn their backs on it. If we listen carefully we can hear our young people pleading for help, understanding and compassion. What is really sad is that most of them do not even realize that they are sinking and in desperate need of help. Every time a juvenile gets drunk, smokes crack or shoots up; every time a teenage girl gets pregnant out of wedlock; every time there is a drive-by shooting and every time an at-risk kid is handcuffed and incarcerated, their cry for help is deafening. Instead of extending a helping hand, we lash out in anger and criticism. Almost always, as if there were no other options, our solutions are, to beef-up law enforcement, stiffen the laws and repeatedly lower the age limit that a child can be tried, imprisoned and executed. Where does it end? What happens to the preventive programs that fail or produce little or no results because of insufficient funds and inadequate staffing and supervision? Ironically, the highest financed and supported programs are the sports programs, especially high school football. Not that sports are unimportant, but where are our priorities?
Records show that Mexican American and Native American young adults in the US continue to have higher status dropout rates than do either their white or black counterparts. Furthermore, in a study conducted by the Ford Foundation, during a 10-year period, from 1980 to 1990, the report addressed the under representation of Mexican-Americans in the faculties of U.S. universities. A total of 91, 837 women received doctorates from U.S. universities and of these, 751(0.7 percent) were Mexican-Americans. Of the 148,352 men who received doctorates during this period, 1,189 (also 0.7 percent) were Mexican-Americans. Presently, these statistics have improved but very slowly and insignificantly. Finally, the study noted that the single most important factor in obtaining a doctoral degree was a positive mentoring experience. That’s where we come in, not just this organization, but you, and all of us, for we must all work together in a consensus effort to try to resolve this monstrous crisis.
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Crime, violence, drug abuse, gang involvement, teen pregnancy, poverty, disparity, indifference and low living standards are neither innate nor self-spawned faculties of any individual or peoples, past, present or future. This seemingly, endless, bitter strife stems from a more serious and deeply rooted degenerative affliction that attacks most ethnic minorities in all countries of the world. It is a tragic disease of the spirit, a downward self-degrading cycle of self-evaluation as an individual and as a people. The deficiency of self-esteem and self-respect that exists and persists in many ethnic minorities is a result of the continued, long term (for hundreds of years) teachings, indoctrinations and complete acceptance of misinformation and an abundance of incomplete, inaccurate, omitted, and very often false accounts of historical and cultural education. It is generally accepted that most mainstream history books and published documents, especially the ones used in schools, were and continue to be written by the conquerors and dominant culture of that society. In the aftermath of any conflict, almost always, the victor sees their defeated foe as the weaker and most definitely the inferior people, merely because of their defeat and because their ways and beliefs are different. Consequently, this narrow-minded, arrogant and ignorant point of view compels the conqueror to subjugate, oppress, suppress and to impose their faith, customs and ideas upon this supposed dreadful, dumb and barbaric subculture. Much of this long-established biased, stereotypical, erroneous and detrimental information has been presented, disseminated and perpetuated as undisputed fact by various misguided sources in our society for countless of generations. Therefore, throughout time, this relentless and very powerful negative cycle of beliefs and way of life has come to be fully accepted, fulfilled, fueled and even embraced as their own by the very people it has destroyed. The implementation and execution of the perpetual momentum of this self-propelled descending gyroscope has been very successful. As they are no longer essential for the existence and continuation of this seemingly hopeless situation, racism and bigotry, the original catalyst for this end, are very slowly and surely being purged. Finally, this entire seductive, programming and misleading process gives the false impression that all the negative stereotypes and preconceived notions about any and all ethnic minorities are true, simply because of the tragic misconception that, " these people are just that way".
Thanks to the wonders and achievements in science and technology, pathways to the past, never before thought accessible, have come to light via recent archeological discoveries. We know so much more today about the history, culture, achievements and wonders of the indigenous people of Mesoamerica than we did just last year. Almost daily, new discoveries are bringing forth knowledge of the highly advanced and intellectual inhabitants of Pre-Columbian America. So, equipped with this newfound knowledge and the oral wisdom and traditions passed down to us by our forefathers, it is the desire and purpose of this organization to progressively teach and continuously disseminate authentic and accurate historical accounts of our ancestral roots. These historical and cultural corrections, NOT REVISIONS, will not only benefit all Chicano and Native Americans but will also serve as an inspiration to other ethnic minorities to seek further knowledge and truths about their heritage.
AAICC strongly believes that all the negative brainwashing and garbage that afflicts and burdens our upward movement, as a people, can be deprogrammed and reversed if caught at an early age. This can be accomplished through a continued and relentless barrage of positive reinforcement and a corrected attitude toward ourselves, our people, our history, and our culture, stemming from a deeper understanding and undistorted view of history and the world. This positive and uplifting education must be directed primarily toward young Chicano and Native American parents, or soon to be parents, so that they may pass this process on to their children and their children’s children etc... By enlightening our young ones with knowledge of the many magnificent cultural, architectural, mathematical, medical, scientific and other achievements of our indigenous ancestors, their thirst for further knowledge of their roots will be awakened. Via true and accurate accounts of the beauty and grandeur of our native forefathers and by the knowledge that we are descendants of a highly advanced and intelligent bloodline, our young people may regain self-respect and a more positive self-image so that they may set and reach higher goals and standards. By means of a higher level of self-assurance their accomplishments and achievements may be infinite. Therefore when they marry and have families of their own, they may teach their children at a very young age to have pride and dignity in themselves and in their heritage and to respect, embrace, and love their culture, their roots, their families and their life. Early pride in heritage leads to dignity, integrity, respect and pride in self, thus respect for others and pride in country.
Our ultimate goal is to help, enlighten, motivate, guide, and empower our young people towards a productive, prosperous and happy adultlife.
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THE NAHUA PEOPLE
The Nahua were and are today the descendants of a people whose scope of the sciences, the arts and the cosmos confound the minds of modern scholars. In less than 200 years the Mixika (Aztec) transformed themselves from a band of wandering nomads to one of the greatest civilization the world had ever known. What records remain of this amazing feat indicate they did it through brilliant military campaigns and by ingeniously applying technology to master the harsh environment they faced. They built their capital city where no city should have been possible: in the middle of a lake. They employed methods of architecture and technology contemporary scientist and engineers can only speculate upon. With all of our mechanized high tech equipment we can still not duplicate the precision of their pyramids, or even approach the calculations of the heavens with as much accuracy.
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The Sun Stone ( La Piedra Del Sol ).
The Aztec Calendar : Math , Geometry and Design By Charles William Johnson Earth/matrix Science in Ancient Artwork.
The possibilities of analysis are infinite, just as infinitely beautiful is the open-ended design of the Aztec Calendar. In spite of the efforts of so many individuals over the centuries since the discovery of the Aztec Calendar at the end of the eighteenth century, we have not been able to comprehend its original meaning in all of its intended splendor. It is beyond the comprehension of this author how some analysts, however, have gazed upon this exquisite sculpture and only imagined its purpose as that of counting kernels of corn or beans, or for counting ripped out human hearts. The mathematical and geometrical knowledge that must have surely gone into its making stretches far beyond our imagination as to exactly what its purpose may have been. The implications of the mathematics and of the geometry, somehow test, even defy, our own capability for analyzing its internal design as of its own elements. The Aztec Calendar was discarded, buried, detached from its origins; yet, its basic design seems to reflect many clues to its possible meaning. With a little persistence, we may come to know a few of those original meanings, if we can look past our own inherited views of history.
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PYRAMID POWER
Consider El Tajin's famous pyramid of the Niches (top left), built by inheritors of the Olmec culture. Thousands of small stone blocks came together just so, like a Chinese block puzzle, to produce a structure that rises 20 meters in seven tiers. A staircase climbs the eastern face. Curiously, there are 365 square recesses set into the sides of the pyramid - one for each day of the year -. Was the pyramid a giant calendar? Did the niches serve as a markers for a three-dimensional clock? Another curious pyramid is that of Chichen Itza in the Yucatan Peninsula, often called "El Castillo" (top right). Here there are nine tiers with a three-room temple on top, and stairways climb each of the four faces. Every year, at the vernal and autumnal equinoxes, tens of thousands of people flock to the pyramid - a mix of Mexican villagers and foreign tourists, the latter including New Age pagans with their crystals and incense. Why? On those two days at the rising and setting of the sun, the corner of the structure casts a shadow in the shape of a serpent - Kukulcan, or Quetzalcoatl - along the side of the staircase. Remarkably, the shadow slithers down the side of the pyramid with the sun's movement. To produce this effect, the Mayan architects and astronomers must have employed calculations of incredible precision. Just outside Mexico City is Teotihuacan, "The place where the gods were conceived," or "The place where men became gods." Aztec priests made pilgrimages to Teotihuacan, which was by then in ruins, remnants of a previous, still greater civilization about which almost nothing is known. The mammoth, five-tiered Pyramid of the Sun (bottom) stands to the east of the orienting avenue, the "Street of the Dead." The pyramid's base is immense, larger even than the pyramid of Khufu in Egypt (but shorter in height). The Pyramid of the Sun measures 221 meters to a side - or about two-and-a half football fields long. At the base of the western face there is a long tunnel, called a "Volcano tube" by archeologists, in which the Teotihuacanos performed rituals. Amazingly, the cave opening points directly at the setting sun on the days of the equinox, May 19 and July 25. Architecture and astronomy mix yet again. On April 29 and again on August 12, the sun sets directly opposite the pyramid and in a direct sight line from the volcano tube. August 12 is significant. The present age of the Maya calendar (which they partly inherited from the Olmecs) began on that very day in 3114 BC. There is something older still about Teotihuacan. Much older. In the 1970's, a civil engineer by the name of Hugh Harleston Jr. made some 9,000 measurements of Teotihuacan over a 30-year period. He concluded that the entire site was constructed according to a system of measurement he named the STU, Standard Teotihuacan Unit, which is equals 1.059 meters. This unit features into the length of a side of the Pyramid of the Sun and the Pyramid of the Moon - and even into the distance between the two pyramids. In short, Harleston concluded the entire city could be made sense of not in feet or meters but in STUs. What is odd about this is that one STU is equivalent to the width of the Stonehenge lintels and to the "Jewish rod" of 3.4757485 feet. It gets even stranger, as Graham Hancock describes: "In brief, the angle of the fourth level of the Pyramid of the Sun is set at 19.69 degrees, the exact latitude of the pyramid itself (which stands at 19.69 degrees north of the equator). It is therefore, a self-referencing monument that makes use of geometry to tell us that it 'knows where it is'. What is the ultimate significance of the pyramid shape? Pyramids are simple: a solid base rests on the earth, and four faces rise to a peak in the sky. Pyramids unite earth and sky, embodying the essence of each in one form. Such a shape, some speculate, serve to preserve the bones - and DNA - of those buried in the pyramid's tombs. Even wilder imaginations have claimed that dead souls (or live meditators) can use the pyramid to spiritually catapult themselves to nearby constellations. Perhaps pyramids can be understood only in relation to the location they inhabit, concentrating, like a giant battery, earth's magnetic energy. Or perhaps, like puzzles, pyramids contain the mathematics or geometry of the entire planet or even of the universe. No one knows the true function of the pyramid. However, pyramids are surely more than monuments or tombs; they suggest something grander than an ancient version of "Kilroy Was here". Unlocking the secrets of pyramids - be they in Egypt or Mexico - would be majestic indeed.
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THE MAGNIFICENT MAYA
To the foreigner, the words 'Maya' and 'Mayan' conjure up images of archeological ruins and a lost society and culture. Currently, the word 'Chiapas' brings to mind rebellion, Sub Commandante Marcos and a sense of confusion. What many do not understand is the relationship between the historical Maya and today's living expression of that culture in the form of many indigenous groups. What is also not clearly understood is that the so called Chiapas crisis is not a recent conflict but, in fact, a modern expression of issues and conflicts that reach back over 400 years. The Maya make up the largest homogenous group of Indians north of Peru, inhabiting a vast area that encompasses Mexico's Yucatan peninsula and parts of the states of Tabasco and Chiapas, as well as Guatemala, Belize and parts of western Honduras and El Salvador. While not the earliest of the great Mesoamerican civilizations, the Maya are generally considered the most brilliant of all the Classic groups. The culture's beginnings have been traced back to 1500 BC, entering the Classic period about 300 AD and flourishing between 600 and 900 AD. Mayan settlements were situated close to cenotes, natural water holes that allowed for survival in an inhospitable tropical climate. The basis of the culture was farming, which included not only the cultivation of maize, beans, squash, and chili peppers, but also "cash crops" of cotton and cacao. Considered the most outstanding intellects of ancient Mexico, the Maya devised a complex style of hieroglyphic writing that has yet to be fully deciphered. They refined the exact sciences learned from other prehispanic civilizations. Through their knowledge of astronomy and mathematics they calculated the lunar cycle, predicted eclipses and other heavenly events with great precision and formulated a unique calendar system more exact than the one we use today. For the Maya, science and religion went hand in hand, forming the core of daily life. A baptismal rite was commonly practiced for children who survived infancy. Each year was marked by a series of festivals that included ritual ceremonies and the imbibing of an intoxicating mead called balche. Among the most revered universal energies or forces, which have been mistakenly labeled as deities were Itzamna and Ix Chel, the most powerful of all other life’s forces, and Chac the energy of rain. Kukulcan was the Mayan name for the feathered serpent, power of the ruling caste. The Maya's highly complex pantheon and multi-faceted cosmology continue to fascinate and perplex archaeologists and other students of the culture. In building their ceremonial centers the Maya followed the design typical of all Mesoamerica, constructing tall pyramidal temples, warren-like single story palaces and the ubiquitous ball court around a broad central plaza. Distinctive architectural features of Mayan pyramids include corbel vaults, towering roofs and elaborate embellishment with stucco reliefs. There is a baroque quality to the artistic style of the Maya, as evidenced in their exotic murals, polychrome ceramics, finely detailed stelae, altars and other stone work. As opposed to the geometric designs typical of other cultures, the human form is common depicted in Mayan art. Speculations of Insufficient food supply, earthquakes, pestilence, invasion by outsiders, internal rebellion or a combination of these factors have all been suggested as possible causes for the fall of the Mayan eminence. What appears certain is that by 900 AD the Maya's numerous ceremonial centers had been abandoned. Swiftly disappearing beneath dense jungle growth, many sites avoided destruction by Spanish Conquistadors, remaining hidden and remarkably well preserved until the 19th century. Notable sites of the northern lowland region (Yucatan peninsula) include Chichen Itza, Dzibilchaltun, Tulum and Uxmal. Located in the southern lowland region, the Maya heartland, are Bonampak, Copan, Palenque and Tikal.<p.________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ __________________

My Interests


???HUMAN SACRIFICE AMONG THE AZTECS???

After careful and systematic study of the sources, I find no sign of evidence of institutionalized mass human sacrifice among the Aztecs. The phenomenon to be studied, therefore, may be not these supposed sacrifices but the deeply rooted belief that they occurred. - Peter Hassler, ethnologist at the University of Zurich

???HUMAN SACRIFICE AMONG THE AZTECS???
Copyright World Press Review Dec 1992
An aura of lurid fascination surrounds our interest in the Aztecs, the people who, at the beginning of the 16th century, inhabited one of the largest cities of the world: Tenochtitlan. In 1521, this metropolis was erased from the face of the Earth by the Spanish conquerors under Hernando Cortes and his Indian allies. As a justification for their destructive acts, the conquistadors generated propaganda designed to offend the sensibilities of their Christian audience: They described the Aztec practice of human sacrifice. Later chronicles by Spanish writers, missionaries, and even Indian converts also told repeatedly of this cult. Even when scientists called these reports grossly exaggerated, the fact that the Aztecs sacrificed humans remained undisputed. Cutting out the victim's heart with an obsidian knife [fashioned from volcanic glass] was supposedly the most common method of sacrifice, although other forms were practiced as well. These included beheading, piercing with spears or arrows, and setting victims against each other in unequal duels. We are also told that some victims were literally skinned alive; a priest then donned this macabre "skin suit" to perform a ritual dance. There has been no shortage of theories and explanations for what lay behind these archaic cults. Some researchers have deemed them religious rituals. Others have called them displays of repressed aggression and even a method of regulating population. Although human sacrifice has been the subject of much writing, there has been almost no critical examination of the sources of information about it. A critical review is urgently needed. Bernal Diaz del Castillo is the classic source of information about mass sacrifice by the Aztecs. A literate soldier in Cortes' company, Diaz claimed to have witnessed such a ritual. "We looked over toward the Great Pyramids and watched as [the Aztecs] ... dragged [our comrades] up the steps and prepared to sacrifice them," he wrote in his Historia Verdadera de la Conquista de la Nueva Espana (The True History of the Conquest of New Spain), published posthumously in 1632. "After they danced, they placed our comrades face up atop square, narrow stones erected for the sacrifices. Then, with obsidian knives, they sawed their breasts open, pulled out their still-beating hearts, and offered these to their idols." The scene of these sacrificial rituals was the main temple in the island-city of Tenochtitlan. The observers, however, were watching from their camp on the shore of a lake three or four miles away. From that point, Diaz could have neither seen nor heard anything. To follow the action at the foot of the pyramid, he would have to have been inside the temple grounds. But this would have been impossible: The Aztecs had just beaten back the Spanish and their allies, who had been besieging the city from all sides.But Diaz is not the inventor of the legend of ritual murder. Cortes fathered the lie in 1522, when he wrote a shorter version of the tale to Emperor Charles V. He would have been confident that his reports would find ready ears, for in the 15th and 16th centuries many lies were being spread in Spain about ritual murders carried out by the Jews, who were being expelled from the Iberian peninsula along with the Moors. Cortes' lies were a tremendous success: They have endured for almost 500 years without challenge. Along with the lies of the conquistadors, there also have been secondhand reports--what could be called "hearsay evidence"--in the writings of Spanish missionaries and their Indian converts, who, in their new-found zeal, scorned their old religion. The accounts are filled with vague and banal phrases such as, "And thus they sacrificed," which indicates that the writers cannot have witnessed a real human sacrifice. The only concrete evidence comes to us not from the Aztecs but from the Mayan civilization of the Yucatan. These depictions are found in the records of trials conducted during the Inquisition, between 1561 and 1565. These supposed testimonies about human sacrifice, however, were coerced from the Indians under torture and have been judged worthless as ethnographic evidence. Along with the written accounts, many archeological finds--sculptures, frescoes, wall paintings, and pictographs--have been declared by the Spanish, their Indian converts, and later anthropologists to be connected to human sacrifice. Yet these images are in no way proof that humans were in fact sacrificed. Until now, scientists have started from a position of believing the lies and hearsay reports and interpreting the archeological evidence accordingly. The circularity of such reasoning is obvious. There are plenty of possible interpretations of the images of hearts and even killings in these artifacts. They could depict myths or legends. They could present narrative images--allegories, symbols, and metaphors. They could even be images of ordinary executions or murders. Human bones that appear to have been cut also do not serve as evidence of human sacrifice. In tantric Buddhism, skulls and leg bones are used to make musical instruments used in religious rituals; this is in no way connected to human sacrifice. Leslie J. Furst, a student of symbols used by the Aztecs, has seen depictions of magic where others have seen tales of human sacrifice. For example, one image shows the incarnation of a female god "beheaded" in the same way that a plant's blossom is removed in the ritual connected to the making of pulque, an alcoholic drink. Why scholars have interpreted images of self-beheadings and other things that depart from physical reality as evidence of human sacrifice will puzzle future generations.There is another important symbolic background for images of killing in Aztec artifacts: the initiation ceremony, whose central event is the mystical death. The candidate "dies" in order to be reborn. This "death" in imaginary or symbolic forms often takes on a dramatic shape in imagery--such as being chopped to pieces or swallowed by a monster. There has been no research into the symbolism of death in the high culture of the Indians of Mesoamerica, however, even though there were many reincarnation myths among these peoples.The ritual of "human skinning" surely belongs in this same category. In our depictions, we see the skin removed quickly from the victim, with a single cut along the spine, and coming off the body in a single piece. This is scarcely practicable. This "human skin suit" may be nothing but a metaphorical-symbolic representation, as indeed is appropriate for the image-rich Aztec language. And all of the heart and blood symbolism may be just a metaphor for one of the Aztecs' favorite drinks, made from cacao. The heart is a symbolically important organ in more than just European cultures. In the Indian languages, as well, it is a symbol of courage and the soul. And "cutting the soul from the body," after all, is not a surgical operation. This may explain why no massive catacombs with what would have been the bones of sacrifice victims have ever been found in Mesoamerica.
From the liberal weekly "Die Zeit" of Hamburg. Peter Hassler, an ethnologist at the University of Zurich, is the author of "Human Sacrifice Among the Aztecs? A Critical Study," published recently in Switzerland.
More lies about Aztec Human Sacrifice. Go to my blog titled, "Lies About Aztec Human Sacrifice" and check out this website...
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Olympus/6581/aztec-sacrifice .html ____________________________________________________________ ___

I'd like to meet:

Organization leaders, educators, students, researchers and enthusiast of our magnificent Indigenous/Chicano cultural & history, to help us with advice, suggestions, assistance and support.

Movies:

500 NATIONS - THE MISSION – WINDWALKER – DANCES WITH WOLVES – GERONIMO – AMERICAN ME – BLOOD IN BLOOD OUT – MI VIDA LOCA - COLORES - MI FAMILIA - STAND AND DELIVER – ZAPATA, AMOR EN REBELDIA – DOS TIPOS DE CUIDADO - THE LAST SAMURAI

Television:

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Books:

We Will Rise , Rebuilding the Mexikah Nation by Kurly Tlapoyawa; Tlapoyawa and Trafford Publishing -
The Mud People by Patricia Gonzales; Chusma House Publications -
The Broken Spears , The Aztec Account of The Conquest of Mexico by Miguel Leon-Portilla; Beacon Press -
Aztec Thought and Culture by Miguel Leon-Portilla; University of Oklahoma Press -
The Devastation of the Indies , A Brief Account by Bartolome De La Casas; The Johns Hopkins University Press -
Popol Vuh , The Mayan Book of the Dawn of Life translated by Dennis Tedlock; Simon & Schuster Publishing -
Maya Cosmos , Three Thousand Years on The Shaman's Path by David Freidel, Linda Schele, & Joy Parker; Quill Publishing -
Occupied America, A History of Chicanos by Rodolfo Acuna; Pearson Longman Publishing -
Always Running, La Vida Loca: Gang Days In L.A. by Luis J. Rodriguez; Chucha Press Publishing -
The First Americans, In Pursuit of Archaeology's Greatest Mystery by J.M. Adovasio with Jake Page; Random House -
A Peoples History of the United States by Howard Zinn; HarperCollins Publishers -
Lies My Teacher Told Me , Everything your American History Textbook Got Wrong by James W. Loewen; Simon & Schuster Publishing -
Declarations of Independence , Cross-Examining American Iddeology by Howard Zin; HarperCollins Publishings -
Rule by Secrecy by Jim Marrs; HarperCollins Publishing -
The Unseen Hand , An Introduction to the Conspiratorial View of History by A. Ralph Epperson; Publius Press

Heroes:


Lord Cuitlahuac - Ruled 1520
After the death of the Mexika (Aztec) emporor Motecozuma, his brother Cuitlahuac succeeded as the tenth emperor of Mexico Tenochtitlan (the great city of the Aztec) in June 1520. Some historians say that Motecozuma had been intimidated by Cortés because he believed the Spaniards were representatives of the bearded, fair- skinned god Quetzalcoatl. Cuitlahuac, who never believed the legend, set out to organize a determined resistance to the conquistadores. Though he only ruled four months before succumbing to smallpox, Cuitlahuac drove Cortés's men out of Tenochtitlan during the famous Noche Triste ("sad night") of either July 1 or 10, 1520 in which 400 conquistadors and thousands of their mesoamerican allies were killed. Cuitlahuac died October 1520 and was succeeded on the throne by his nephew Cuauhtémoc.
Lord Cuauhtémoc 1502 – February 28, 1525
Cuauhtémoc was the last great Mexika (Aztec) Tlatoani (Emperor) of Mexico Tenochtitlán. The name means "descending eagle", from Nahuatl cuauhtli (eagle which is the symbol for sun or sunlight) and temoc (descent); by extension it can be interpreted as "setting sun". Cuauhtémoc took power in 1520 as successor of Cuitláhuac and was a nephew of the emperor Moctezuma II, and his young wife was one of Moctezuma's daughters. He ascended to the throne when he was 18 years of age, as his city was being besieged by the Spanish and devastated by an epidemic of smallpox. On August 13, 1521, Cuauhtémoc was captured while crossing Lake Texcoco in an attempt to find reinforcements from the countryside to aid the falling Tenochtitlán. Cuauhtémoc was tortured by having his feet put to a fire, along with Tetlepanquetzal, the tlatoani of Tlacopán, and the Cihuacóatl (counselor) Tlacotzin, but even so they refused to divulge information about the treasures the Spanish coveted. It is said that during the torture, Tetlepanquetzal asked him to reveal the location of the treasures in order to stop the pain given to them, and Cuauhtémoc is quoted to say "Do you think I am in a bath or pleasure?". This would be popularized in the 19th century as "Do you think I am in a bed of roses?” In 28 February 1525, Cortés ordered Cuauhtémoc hanged along with Teltepanquetzaltzin.
Ricardo Flores Magon September 16, 1874 - November 21, 1922
Flores Magon attended Law School in 1893. But he did not become an attorney, instead he became a journalist with "El Demócrata", an opposition newspaper. In 1900, along with his brother Jesús, he founded "Regeneración", a very radical and antigovernment paper that ended him in jail. After he was released from jail in 1902, he joined another opposition newspaper, "El Hijo del Ahuizóte." He was arrested again and in 1904, he was forced to escape to San Antonio, Texas, where he started to publish "Regeneración" again with the help of his brother Enrique. The persecution continues and they fled to St. Louis, Missouri in 1905, and continue publishing their newspaper. In this city, they founded the Mexican Liberal Party in 1906. In January of 1911, they directed the uprising of Baja California, and seized the towns of Mexicali and Tijuana. Francisco I. Madero, leader of the revolutionary movement against the Porfirio Díaz' dictatorship, attempted to bring the "Magonistas" to his side, but Ricardo Flores Magón, leader of the rebels, rejected him arguing that Madero was part of a "revolution of the rich." A manifesto signed by Ricardo Flores Magón and Librado Rivera, addressed to all the anarchists of the world in 1918, was used by the North American government as an excuse to jail both. Librado was sentenced to 15 years in prison, while Ricardo Flores Magón was sentenced to 20 years. He was sent to the prison at McNeil Island, in the State of Washington. He got very ill and was moved to the federal prison of Leavenworth, Kansas, where he died in 1922. Ricardo wrote two revolutionary plays: "Tierra y Libertad" ("Land and Freedom") and "Verdugos y Víctimas" (Executioners and Victims), works of very intensive social criticism and impressive realism. He wrote many essays, fiction and reports.
General Emiliano Zapata Salazar August 8, 1879 – April 10, 1919
General Zapata was a leading figure in the Mexican Revolution, which broke out in 1910, and which was initially directed against the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz. He formed and commanded an important revolutionary force, the Liberation Army of the South. Zapata, who is considered one of Mexico’s greatest national heroes, was recognized as a leading figure of the largely indigenous Nahua community of Anenecuilco. Being a Mestizo and able to speak the indigenous language Nahuatl, he quickly became involved in the struggle for the rights of the Indians of Morelos. Zapata was partly influenced by an anarchist from Oaxaca, Mexico named Ricardo Flores Magón. The influence of Flores Magón on Zapata can be seen in the Zapatistas' Plan de Ayala, but even more noticeably in their slogan "Tierra y libertad" or "land and liberty", the title and maxim of Flores Magón's most famous work. With this cry, "Tierra y Libert", Zapata continued his fight against rich land owners who had stolen lands from peasants farmers. On April 10, 1919, Zapata was tricked into a meeting with one of Carranza's generals who wanted to "switch sides." The meeting was a trap, and Zapata was killed as he arrived at the meeting.
Cesar Estrada Chavez March 31, 1927 - April 23, 1993
Cesar Chavez was a Mexican American labor leader, civil rights activist and co-founded the United Farm Workers. He is hailed as one of the greatest Mexican American civil rights leaders. From the 1950s to the 1980s Chavez led many peaceful strikes, boycotts, and walks in protest of the oppression and unfair treatment of migrant farm workers. In 1968, Chavez began a fast to call attention to the migrant workers' cause. Although his dramatic act did little to solve the immediate problems, in the long run, it increased public awareness of the insensitive, adverse, and unfair working conditions that his people had to endure. On December, 6, 2006 Cesar Chavez becomes the second of 13 leaders and legends, after President Ronald Reagan, inducted into the first-ever California Hall of Fame.
Rodolfo "Corky" Gonzales 1929-2005
Gonzalez was a Chicano political and civil rights iconic leader in the movement for justice and equality for Mexican-Americans in the Southwest and he is credited with raising the nation's awareness of the plight of urban Chicanos. In the mid-1960"s he founded an urban civil rights and cultural movement called the Crusade for Justice which advocated Chicano nationalism. During the late sixties and early seventies, he organized walkouts, demonstrations against police brutality and marches against the Vietnam War. In 1968, Gonzales led a Chicano contingent to the Poor People's March on Washington D.C and issued a "plan of the Barrio" which demanded better housing, education and restitution of pueblo lands. Gonzales was also an organizer of the Annual Chicano Youth Liberation Conference which sought to create unity among Chicano youth. Gonzales also advocated for increased political representation for Chicanos. In 1972 he was the keynote speaker at the newly formed La Raza Unida Party national convention in El Paso Texas. The party fielded political candidates to run for office in the state. But perhaps Corky Gonzales is best known for his poem "I am Joaquin/Yo Soy Joaquin." He wrote the epic poem in 1965 and it is one of the most important literary works to emerge from the Chicano movement.

My Blog

AZTECA MIGRATION FROM AZTLAN:

..>..>..>..> ..> Azteca Migration from Aztlan: Inspiring Our Youth A copy of a lecture given by Richard Flores to the students of Roy Miller High School spanich classes, the National...
Posted by AAICC on Sat, 24 Nov 2007 11:56:00 PST

SOMOS CHICANOS

AAICC Alliance for the Advancement of Indigenous /Chicano Culture SOMOS (EW ARE) CHICANO       It must be mentioned and understood that the following is not meant to put down, d...
Posted by AAICC on Fri, 09 Mar 2007 09:10:00 PST

LIES ABOUT AZTEC HUMAN SACRIFICE !!!

Let's now consider the evidence for the Aztec sacrifices, which, according to the majority of works dealing with the subject, were carried out by the priests cutting open the chest of the sacrificial...
Posted by AAICC on Mon, 21 May 2007 01:14:00 PST

Remembering a great hero

"Por ultimo, dire a ustedes que yo me he levantado no por enriquecerme, sino para defender y cumplir ese sacrosanto deber que tiene el pueblo Mexicano honrado, y estoy dispuesto a morir a la hora que ...
Posted by AAICC on Sun, 08 Apr 2007 07:30:00 PST

CHICANISMO (Spanish)

CHICANISMO:¿Qué es lo que viene a la mente cuando aparece la palabra 'Chicanismo'? Diferentes cosas para diferentes mentalidades. Si radicas en México, esta palabra puede variar desde una persona aver...
Posted by AAICC on Wed, 21 Mar 2007 10:08:00 PST