Ganymede [GAN-ee-meed] is the largest moon of Jupiter and is the largest in this solar system with a diameter of 5,262 km (3,280 miles). If Ganymede orbited the Sun instead of Jupiter it could be classified as a planet. Like Callisto, Ganymede is most likely composed of a rocky core with a water/ice mantle and a crust of rock and ice. Its low density of 1.94 gm/cm3, indicates that the core takes up about 50% of the satellite's diameter. Ganymede's mantle is most likely composed of ice and silicates, and its crust is probably a thick layer of water ice. Ganymede has no known atmosphere, but recently the Hubble Space Telescope detected ozone at its surface. The amount of ozone is small as compared to Earth. It is produced as charged particles trapped in Jupiter's magnetic field rain down onto the surface of Ganymede. As the charged particles penetrate the icy surface, particles of water are disrupted leading to ozone production. This chemical process hints that Ganymede probably has a thin tenuous oxygen atmosphere like that detected on Europa.Ganymede has had a complex geological history. It has mountains, valleys, craters and lava flows. Ganymede is mottled by both light and dark regions. It is heavily cratered especially in the dark regions implying ancient origin. The bright regions show a different kind of terrain - one which is grooved with ridges and troughs. These features form complex patterns and have a vertical relief of a few hundred meters and run for thousands of kilometers. The grooved features were apparently formed more recently than the dark cratered area perhaps by tension from global tectonic processes. The real reason is unknown; however, local crust spreading does appear to have taken place causing the crust to shear and separate."Discovered" by Simon Marius & Galileo Galilei Discovery: Jan 11, 1610 Diameter (km): 5,268 Mass (kg): 1.48e23 kg Mass (Earth = 1) 0.0247 Surface Gravity (Earth = 1): 0.145 Mean Distance from Jupiter (km): 1,070,000 Mean Distance From Jupiter (Rj): 15.1 Mean Distance from Sun (AU): 5.203 Orbital period (days): 7.154553 Rotational period (days): 7.154553 Density (gm/cm?3) 1.94 Orbit Eccentricity: 0.002 Orbit Inclination (degrees): 0.183 Mean Orbital Velocity (km/sec): 10.9 Escape velocity (km/sec): 2.74 Visual Albedo: 0.43 Subsolar Temperature (K): 156 Equatorial Subsurface Temperature (K): 117 Surface Composition: Dirty Ice Magnitude (Vo): 4.61
