IREZ INNOVATION

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Innovation (Industrialization)
Manchester invented the modern industrialized city. Asa Briggs called it "the shock city of the age": where ideas of society and economy, how people lived and worked, all turned upside down. This was not done without controversy: The Luddite* riots of 1811-15 saw laborers attack factories and destroy the machines that were replacing them. Other workers’ movements followed, giving birth to unionized labour as we know it today in the West. Women’s emancipation also followed in the wake of the agricultural inventions that freed them from producing offspring, previously so crucial to farm labour.
The Industrial Revolution was a two-stage affair: 1st- 1770s-1860s steam power, telegraph, cotton gin and steel plow. 2nd – 1870s-1910s – telephone, internal-combustion engine, lightbulb, germ theory of disease, radio and movies.