Are We Alone In the Universe?
Where do we come from?
What is the purpose of life?
How can we live peacefully and happily?
"Life is a mysery by itself"
"But never stop questioning"
Searching for the right answers...
Throughout the ages, humans have gazed into the night sky and pondered this question. And for just as long, humans have surmised that surely there must be other worlds, where others gaze into the same cosmos and ponder that same question.
As we enter the new millennium, we still cannot prove that there is anyone out there.
There are some who say they have already witnessed proof, and there are many more who believe what they say. Yet many others remain skeptical. Undeniable proof remains elusive.
Many scientists today echo the sentiments of the philosophers and poets of old. As we learn more and more about this universe we live in, it is becoming widely accepted that life should be abundant throughout the Galaxy, and that many civilizations should have long ago surpassed the level of knowledge that we now possess.
As we gradually extend our perception further and further from the Earth that gave us life, we cannot help but wonder: Where are they? Could it be that not one of them has ever visited this little corner of the Galaxy?
Although most scientists refuse to speculate in public on this subject, some believe that we should have been visited already. And there is reason to suspect that someone may be watching us this very moment, and has been for a very long time.
If there really is someone out there, then it appears they don't want us to know it. For if they wanted us to know, they could easily have gotten our attention by now.
With every passing year, we are looking more and more deeply out into the universe. If they are out there, we surely will find them someday. It seems unlikely that none of them would ever want us to know them.
Undeniable contact seems inevitable. But how long will we have to wait?
And how will it happen?
But ,before asking any other questions,how did everything start?
Scientists believe that the universe was created about 15 billion years ago in a single violent event known as the Big Bang. All the space, time, energy, and matter that constitute today's universe originated in the Big Bang. The early universe was extremely small, dense, and hot. For the first fraction of a second, only energy existed.
As the universe expanded and cooled, the four fundamental forces (gravity, electromagnetism, and the strong and weak nuclear forces) became distinct. Quarks, then atomic particles and their antimatter partners, appeared. As matter and antimatter met, they annihilated each other, leaving behind energy and a slight excess of ordinary matter -- almost exclusively the lightest elements, hydrogen and helium. The faint residual heat from the Big Bang can be observed coming from everywhere in the sky.
15 billion? and how old is our planet?
The history of Earth covers approximately 4.6 billion years.
A great difference.Not only in time,but in space,planet Earth is only a tiny planet among billions ... This probably means that there is life out there,and by that huge difference in time,we can suggest that those civilizations are more advanced than mankind.
Now,the question that every skeptic asks,WHY DON'T THEY COME TO EARTH?
The answer is probably simple: DISTANCE ,the universe is huge,its size is out of our imagination,a journey to this planet would take years or even thousands of years to our 'neighbors' to reach this planet.The idea that there is life in this Solar system is narrow,why do we limit the possibilities thinking that? When the Universe has probably BILLIONS of galaxies?
Let's try to don't limit our imagination,and begin to imagine the infinite posibilities...
The "Third" Life Theory
"HUMAN SCIENTISTS FROM ANOTHER PLANET CREATED ALL LIFE ON EARTH USING DNA ."
Sounds insane? But what more insane than the theory of a 'man' who created everything in 7 days?
Just think about it.
The Drake Equation
How likely is it that life in any form—carbon-based, silicon-based, water-based, ammonia-based, or something we cannot even dream of—exists somewhere out there beyond the Earth? Let’s look at some numbers to develop statistical estimates of the probability of life elsewhere in the universe. An early approach to this statistical problem is known as the Drake equation, after Frank Drake, the U.S. astronomer who pioneered this analysis:
Meeting Our Neighbors
Assume that the average lifetime of a technological civilization is 1 million years. (That would be 100 times longer than civilization has survived thus far, and 10,000 times longer than human society has been in the “technological” state.) The Drake equation then tells us that there are 1 million such civilizations in the Galaxy, and we can then estimate the average distance between these civilizations to be some 30 pc, or about 100 light-years. Thus, any two-way communication with our neighbors will take at least 200 years (100 years for the message to reach the planet and another 100 years for the reply to travel back to us)—a long time by human standards, but comfortably less than the lifetime of the civilization. Might we hope to visit our neighbors by developing the capability of traveling far outside our solar system? This may never be a practical possibility. At a speed of 50 km/s, the speed of the current fastest space probes, the round-trip to even the nearest Sun-like star, Alpha Centauri, would take about 50,000 years. The journey to the nearest technological neighbor (assuming a distance of 100 pc) and back would take 1 million years—the entire lifetime of our civilization!
We ARE NOT Alone...
Mental Control
Often the difference between winning and losing depends on your mental control. Getting and keeping your head together can be much easier if you use some of the tools of sports psychology: 1) Develop self-confidence; 2) use mental imagery, and; 3) control doubt and negative thoughts. These techniques help you develop and master mental control. Sports psychology is a large field requiring many years of study. In climbing, especially climbing competitions, routes are designed at the peak of a climber's ability. This information is not all-inclusive and is intended to provide a general overview of gaining mental control to improve your performance and spark your further personal study.
Develop Self-confidence to Enhance Mental Control
A climber's self-confidence is probably the greatest asset in developing your mental control over your body's reaction to stress. Self-confidence doesn't happen by simply deciding to be confident - it takes a deliberate and planned effort. Self-confidence is not a matter of "fooling" yourself into believing something false. Just the opposite - it is based on accurately knowing yourself. Self-confidence allows you to take appropriate risks and climb at the top of your ability.
The most effective way to build self-confidence is by setting performance-based goals. Set attainable and measurable performance goals and make sure you achieve them. Then set new goals and achieve them. Through this process you learn your own abilities. By knowing your own capabilities you avoid surprise failure and develop confidence in yourself. Believing in yourself helps you develop mental control
Your goals to attain mental control should be measured in terms of performance, not achievement. An example of an achievement goal is: "win the competition". This is not a good performance based goal. Examples of performance based goals are: "Increase pull-ups by 1 per week"; or, "increase endurance training by 1 minute per session"; or "increase dead-hang time by 10 seconds per week", etc. There are many aspects to achieving mental control to improve your climbing performance. Develop as many performance based goals as you can manage. Design your goals to be achievable within about a week or two weeks time. This will give you a sense of accomplishment, confidence, and help you develop a keen sense of your own abilities.
Mental Imagery (described below) is also useful for building self-confidence and control. This is useful if your lack of self-confidence or other "mind game" factors are interfering with your ability to achieve a goal. However, a note of caution. It is possible to use imagery to improperly build a level of over-confidence. Using imagery without rationally considering your actual abilities can lead to over-confidence and unexpected failure, which will cause a loss of confidence. Over-confidence is just as bad as a lack of confidence - maybe worse. Over confidence does not lead to mental control, it is a misreading of your own ability. If you are over-confident you will not give the climb 100% effort and may lead you to attempt something that you are not capable of doing. It can lead to an unexpected failure, which can destroy your self-confidence.
Self-confidence should come from a realistic understanding of your abilities based on incrementally achieving performance-based goals.
Mental Control using Imagery and Positive Thinking
Using imagery, you imagine smooth controlled climbing, proper rests, shaking, clipping, breathing, good technique, etc… all the way to the top. Imagery can and should be used during previews, before a difficult move, at night in bed, waiting in a line at the store, on a bus or passenger in a car (but not as driver). Think and imagine yourself climbing and moving like a climber you admire - or visualize yourself making a particular move. Visualize the feeling, momentum, and balance. Visualize only correct climbing technique and form. Gain mental control of yourself and the climbing route by focusing and creating positive mental imagery.
Visualizing reinforces climbing movement in your mind - so use it to reinforce good movement. Visualizing is training for your mind. Do do not dwell on bad moves. Analyze what went wrong then visualize the correct movement from the beginning of the sequence through the end of the section. Imagine the feeling of the holds/rock, your momentum, your breathing, where you chalk up - be as vivid with your imagery as you can. It is a skill that needs to be developed just like physical skill.
Imagery can also be used to help you relax and lower your stress level. This can be helpful in competitions or in many other situations in climbing. Imagine a peaceful, relaxing, happy or fun place. Make it as vivid as possible by visualizing every detail, the warm sun, feeling of joy, smells… every detail that goes with your "happy place". Use this imagery technique to reduce stress and maintain mental control.
Imagery can be used to push your limits, for specific moves, for general technique, to break through a mental block, to reduce stress, or to build up your self-confidence. Be aware that imagery can be used to an unhealthy extreme. Use imagery and positive thinking within realistic boundaries to push yourself to new heights and break through barriers. This is an effective tool when used correctly.
Mental Control over Doubt and Negative Thoughts
In the same way positive imagery "teaches" your mind through a visualized reinforcement, negative thoughts also teach your mind - the wrong thing. Get control of your mental thoughts. Make a conscious point not to allow negative thoughts to dominate. Answer negative thoughts with positive thoughts.
Sometimes negative thoughts are difficult to get out of your head. I may help to physically speak the positive out loud several times. If you are in a crowd or around other people do it sub-vocally. It is a stronger reinforcement when spoken. Respond to negative thoughts with positive thoughts based on clear and rational assessments of your known ability.
Become aware of your thoughts. Normally thoughts will come and go and you will hardly notice. Watch for feelings of inadequacy, criticism, feelings of stress, worry. Awareness is the first step to gaining more mental control. As you become more aware of your thoughts you can learn to control them.
But how do you not think of something? If someone says "do not think of a red balloon", you immediately visualize a red balloon whether you want to or not. Not thinking of something is more difficult than thinking about something. When you get a thought that is counter productive, make a conscious effort to visualize it's opposite. Speak the opposite if possible, or at least speak it sub-vocally. For example: "red balloon": now think of a green balloon and say "green balloon" out loud. It is now green. Use this technique to conquer doubt, negative thoughts and reinforce your good technique, confidence, and positive self-image. You are what you think, so think what you want yourself to be.
These are simple tools you can use to help break through mental barriers, maintain mental control under stressful situations and build new self-confidence. It may well take you to a new level of climbing. Top athletes, coaches and trainers in every sport agree the proper application of sports psychology provides a significant boost in performance level. Self-confidence will help you climb at your best. Using mental imagery and controlling doubt will help you press through mental barriers. Developing these simple techniques are as important as your physical training.