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Genres of soulBlue-eyed soulFor more details on this topic, see Blue-eyed soul.Usually performed by white artists, blue-eyed soul is often characterized by catchy hooksand melodies. It arose from a mixture of Elvis Presley and Bill Haley-derived rockabillyand from 1950s doo wop. Other performers include Righteous Brothers, The Action, Hall &Oates, The Rascals, Mitch Ryder & the Detroit Wheels, Dusty Springfield, Culture Club amdGeorge Michael. David Bowie's Young Americans album is widely regarded as a later classicof the genre.Detroit (Motown) soulFor more details on these topics, see Motown and Motown Sound.Dominated by Berry Gordy's Motown Records empire, Detroit soul is strongly rhythmic, andinfluenced by gospel music. The Motown Sound often includes hand clapping, a powerfulbass line, violins, bells and other untraditional instruments. Motown's house band wasThe Funk Brothers, and singers included: Marvin Gaye, The Temptations, Smokey Robinson &the Miracles, Gladys Knight & the Pips, Martha Reeves & the Vandellas, The Marvelettes,Mary Wells, Diana Ross & the Supremes, The Jackson 5, The Four Tops and Stevie Wonder.Songwriters included: Holland-Dozier-Holland, Norman Whitfield, Barrett Strong, SmokeyRobinson, Nickolas Ashford & Valerie Simpson, Ivy Jo Hunter and Roger Penzabene.Northern soul and Modern soulFor more details on this topic, see Northern soul and modern soulThe term Northern soul was coined by music journalist Dave Godin in 1970 after a visit tothe Twisted Wheel Club in Manchester, England.[citation needed] The term refers to raresoul music played by DJs at night clubs in northern England. The songs originallyconsisted of obscure American soul recordings with an uptempo beat, similar to (andincluding) those on Motown Records and more obscure labels such as Okeh. Modern soul wasan updated version of the northen soul sound.Deep soul and Southern soulFor more details on this topic, see Deep soul and Southern soulThe terms deep soul and southern soul generally refer to a driving, energetic soul stylecombining R&B's energy with pulsating southern United States gospel music sounds.Memphis, Tennessee label Stax Records nurtured a distinctive sound, which includedputting vocals further back in the mix than most contemporary R&B records, using vibranthorn parts in place of background vocals, and a focus on the low end of the frequencyspectrum. The vast majority of Stax releases were backed by house bands Booker T and theMGs (with Booker T. Jones, Steve Cropper, Duck Dunn, and Al Jackson) and the MemphisHorns (the splinter horn section of the Mar-Keys). The label counted Otis Redding, CarlaThomas, Sam & Dave, Rufus Thomas, William Bell, and Eddie Floyd among its stars.Memphis soulFor more details on this topic, see Memphis soul.Memphis soul is a shimmering, sultry style of soul music produced in the 1960s and 1970sat Stax Records and Hi Records in
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