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Myotonic dystrophy
Also known as Steinert's disease, this form of muscular dystrophy produces stiffness of muscles and an inability to relax muscles at will (myotonia), as well as the muscle weakness of the other forms of muscular dystrophy.
Although this form of MD can affect children, it often doesn't affect people until adulthood. It can vary greatly in its severity. Muscles may feel stiff after using them. Progression of this form of MD is slow. Besides myotonia, signs and symptoms of adult-onset myotonic dystrophy may include:
Weakening of voluntary muscles that control your arms and legs, usually beginning with the limb muscles farthest from the torso — the muscles of the feet, hands, lower legs and forearms.
Weakening of head, neck and face muscles, which may result in the face having a hollow, drooped appearance.
Weakening of muscles involved in breathing and swallowing. Weaker breathing muscles may result in less oxygen intake and fatigue. Weaker swallowing muscles increase the risk of choking.
Fainting or dizziness, which may indicate that the disease is interfering with the conduction of electrical signals that keep the heart rate normal.
Weakening of muscles of hollow internal organs such as those in the digestive tract and the uterus. Depending on which part of the digestive tract is affected, you may experience problems with swallowing as well as constipation and diarrhea. Weakness of the uterine walls may cause problems during childbirth.
Difficulty sleeping well at night and daytime sleepiness, and inability to concentrate because of the effect of the disease on the brain.
Frontal balding in men.
Clouding of the lenses of the eyes (cataracts).
Mild diabetes.
Muscle stiffness
Muscle hypertrophy
Progressive muscle wasting
Progressive muscle weakness
Prolonged muscle tensing
Inability to relax muscles after moving
Impaired ability to release grip
Cataracts
Heart conduction defects
Balding in males
Infertility in males
Rigid muscles after attempting movement
Slow chewing
Slow swallowing
Slow talking
Slow walking
Large muscles
Overdeveloped muscles
Difficulty relaxing muscles
Difficulty releasing grip
Rarely, infants have this form of muscular dystrophy, in which case it's called congenital myotonic dystrophy. The infant form is more severe, although infants with myotonic dystrophy don't experience myotonia. Signs in infants may include:
Severe muscle weakness
Difficulty sucking and swallowing
Difficulty breathing
Cognitive impairment