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Anna

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The word "icon" comes from the Greek word "eikon" which means "image". Most icons are painted in egg tempura on wood, but others use mosaic tiles, ivory or other materials. In Orthodox Christianity icons are sacred works of art that provide inspiration and a connection to the spiritual world. Icons usually depict liturgical celebrations and saints rather than historical events. Spiritual images of Christ and the early saints date back to the beginnings of Christianity. The early Christians adorned their catacombs with paintings of Christ, the saints, and scenes from the Bible. Icons are a highly formalized art influenced by classical Greek and Egyptian art styles. By the early eighth century, icons had become an integral part of eastern devotion. The walls of churches were covered from the ceiling to the floor with icons, and they were often taken on journeys as a source of protection. Icons played a lesser role in the Roman branch of the church. Conflict as to whether icons were 'graven images" and violating the second commandment began in earnest with Emperor Leo III (ruled 716 - 741 A.D.). In 726 A.D. he published an edict declaring the icons to be idols and commanded that all such images in churches be destroyed. Soldiers carried out his order throughout the empire though the mass destruction of the icons often to lead to riots by the populace. The destruction of icons would continue until 300 bishops attended a council in Nicea in 787. The Second Council of Nicea confirmed the use of icons, and their destruction ceased. It was determined that icons are not idols but "an image of The Image". While the conflict was supposed to have been resolved in 787, it was not finally put to rest until 843. The period from 843 to the fall of Constantinople in 1453 is considered the golden age of the icon. Icons are still being produced and used in Christian worship, and are now longer soley associated with the Orthodox Church. Icons are not to be just viewed as works of art, they are designed to be a portal to the spiritual word of God, the Son of Man, the Holy Mother, and the Saints.

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An icon is not intended to be a work of art. Instead, an icon is "written" by an inconographer as a form of prayer. Icons are the result of prayer and are intended to be a window between the divine and human. When one looks at an icon, one can have the sense that God is looking back. One's whole nature becomes involved. What pleasure prayers and music bring to our ears, the icon brings to the eyes. -- The icon below is the Black Madonna of Chestochowa, the patron saint and queen of Poland. Legend has it that the picture was painted on a cypress table belonging to the Holy Family and painted by St. Luke the Evangelist. During the destruction of Jerusalem in 72 A.D., the picture was hidden for 300 years to save it from ruin. It was then transferred to Constantinople where it remained for another 500 years. In 723 A.D. iconoclasts ordered the destruction of all holy images so the picture was hidden once again. In 800 A.D. the icon was rescued by Charlemagne and given to Price Leo of Ruthenia where it remained for another 500 years. During the Tatar invasion of the 14th century, the picture was slashed twice by a soldier. The picture was taken by Prince Ladislaus of Opale, who repaired and safeguarded it in his castle in Silesia. Legend has it that a fire destroyed the monastery where it was kept and the icon was damaged by smoke. It has also been said the icon was darkened by the smoke of hundreds of thousands of candles over the centuries. It became to be known as the Black Madonna. The painting would survive attacks by Husites, Swedes, Turks, and Communists. The fact that it is still with us after perhaps almost 2000 years is truly a miracle.This image was created in either the sixth or seventh century and is an example of the Christos Pantokrator. Christos Pantokrator means Christ, the ruler of all. This icon's beauty was revealed in 1962 after a thorough cleaning when a painted-over image was removed. Christ is portrayed as a teacher as he is holding a book in his left hand. His right hand is raised either in blessing or the orator's gesture, depending upon which expert opinion one subscribes to. The asymmetry of the icon is very interesting. If one covers the right half of Jesus' face, he looks benign and at peace. However, if one covers the left half, one can view a more angry expression on his face. So the icon portrays Christ at once both compassionate but judging one's sins. This beautiful icon was probably produced in Constantinople and survived destruction as it was kept at St. Catherine's Monastery in the Sinai desert. It has also, fortunately, survived the arrival of the armies of Islam in 640 A.D.

My Blog

The Polish Churches of Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Please also visit our site to document the history of the 17 Polish churches in Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA which are currently under threat of urban blight and possible closure. http://www.polishchurch...
Posted by on Sat, 15 Mar 2008 12:08:00 GMT

Welcome To My Tribute to Icons

I am 52 and originally from Warsaw, Poland and currently live in the Chicago area. I have been interested in Icons for many years and have started this small My Space tribute site to showcase their sa...
Posted by on Thu, 28 Feb 2008 19:47:00 GMT