Maynard James Keenan was born to a Baptist family in Ravenna, Ohio, on April 17, 1964. He joined the Army in 1982. By that time he had lived in Ohio, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, Kansas and Texas. He studied at West Point Academy prepschool from 1983 to 1984; however, he eventually left the military to study art at Kendall College of Art and Design in Grand Rapids, Michigan, which eventually landed him a job in Los Angeles "applying spatial design concepts" to pet stores. Before his years with Tool, Keenan sang for Green Jellÿ and Children of the Anachronistic Dynasty, and played bass guitar for TexAns.In the 1980s Keenan moved to Los Angeles, apparently to work in interior design. He formed Tool with guitarist Adam Jones and bassist Paul d'Amour (later replaced by Justin Chancellor). The lineup was not completed until Keenan's neighbor drummer Danny Carey agreed to join.They released the Opiate EP in 1992 and toured with the bands Fishbone and Rage Against the Machine. Shortly thereafter, the U.S. saw the release of Tool's 1993 debut album, Undertow, which eventually launched the band into success. Keenan's lyrics and vocals were melodic, grim, and angst-ridden. However, as Keenan continued to record with Tool, his lyrics evolved into increasingly introspective and spiritual works that focused not only on anger but on the positive benefits of transcending it. Henry Rollins, singer for Black Flag and Rollins Band, appeared on Undertow as he and Maynard were weight-lifting partners at the time.Keenan has repeatedly used his voice to advance issues which are of special interest to him, among them being an appearance at a benefit concert for Tori Amos' RAINN (the Rape, Abuse, Incest National Network) on 1997-01-23 at the Madison Square Garden in New York City.So this is one of my dearest friends. This is Maynard from Tool, and uh, I call him up when I'm feeling terrible and he sings me lullabies. So I asked him to come and sing tonight. (Tori Amos, introducing Keenan to the audience at the RAINN benefit concert)After the release of Ænima the band would find themselves in a prolonged legal battle with their label Volcano Records (formerly Zoo Records). Following this legal battle, which resulted in a new three record deal, the members of Tool decided to take some time off. During this period, Keenan found time to work with Billy Howerdel (a guitar tech known to the band) on a different project. The band they formed, A Perfect Circle, began performing in 1999 and released its first album Mer de Noms in 2000. They eventually released a successful follow-up, Thirteenth Step in 2003. In 2004 they released an album comprised mostly of covers titled eMOTIVe.In February, 2005, Keenan appeared as a surprise vocalist at a Seattle benefit concert for victims of the recent tsunami in southern Asia, performing with the partly reformed Alice in Chains in place of the deceased vocalist Layne Staley on the songs "Them Bones", and "Man in the Box."Keenan is unmarried and has one son named Devo (born August 5, 1995). He was engaged to Jennifer Fergusson, but they broke up before marrying. The song "Breña," by A Perfect Circle, uses her middle name, while another song bears the name of Keenan's mother, Judith. His mother is also the inspiration for the two-part song "Wings for Marie" on 10,000 Days.Keenan's newest project is winemaking. He owns Merkin Vineyards and Caduceus Cellars, based in the unincorporated area of Page Springs/Cornville, Arizona, southwest of Sedona.In 2003, Keenan surfaced under the moniker "Puscifer" on the soundtrack for the movie Underworld. Puscifer is a cover name for non-Tool related work with Danny Lohner, former member of Nine Inch Nails. They contributed the song "REV 22:20". In 2006, Puscifer contributed a song to the Underworld sequel, Underworld: Evolution. This track is called "The Undertaker (Renholder Mix)". That same year Keenan explained in an interview conducted by French magazine "Rock Hard", that his band A Perfect Circle is not only on hiatus due to the release of Tool's fourth full-length studio album, but finished.[1]With Tool* 1992 - Opiate * 1993 - Undertow * 1996 - Ænima * 2000 - Salival * 2001 - Lateralus * 2006 - 10,000 DaysWith A Perfect Circle* 2000 - Mer de Noms * 2003 - Thirteenth Step * 2003 - Underworld Soundtrack (Contributes Judith (Renholder Mix) and Weak and Powerless (Tilling My Grave Mix)) * 2004 - eMOTIVe * 2004 - Constantine (2004 movie)#Soundtrack * 2004 - aMOTION DVD/CDAs Puscifer* 2003 - Underworld Soundtrack (Contributes REV 22:20) * 2005 - Saw II Soundtrack (Contributes REV 22:20 (Rev 4:20 Mix)) * 2006 - Underworld: Evolution Soundtrack (Contributes The Undertaker (Renholder Mix))Releases featured* 1986 - Fingernails (Children Of The Anachronistic Dynasty) (Contributes Bass, Drum Programming, Lead Vocals, and Writer) * 1987 - Never Again (TexAns) (Contributes Bass and Writing) * 1992 - Rage Against the Machine (Rage Against the Machine) (Sings on Know Your Enemy) * 1992 - Cereal Killer VHS (by Green Jellÿ) (Sings on Three Little Pigs) * 1993 - Cereal Killer Soundtrack (by Green Jellÿ) (Sings on Three Little Pigs) * 1994 - Kiss My Ass: Classic KISS Regrooved (by Various Artists) (Sings with Shandi's Addiction on Calling Dr. Love) * 1995 - Replicants (by Replicants) (Performes on Silly Love Songs, a Wings cover) * 1997 - Flyin' Traps (by Tim Alexander & Mike Bordin) (Sings on Choked) * 1997 - Live from NY VHS (by Tori Amos) (Sings on Muhammad My Friend) * 2000 - White Pony (by Deftones) (Sings on Passenger) * 2001 - ...inder net...ya? (by Turtle Bend) (Sings and co-writes Who Leads You) * 2003 - Run Ronnie Run! DVD (Sings with Titannica on Ass Kickin' Fat Kid) * 2003 - Underworld Soundtrack (by Various Artists) (Sings on David Bowie remix track Bring Me the Disco King (Loner Mix)) * 2004 - Axis of Justice Concert Series Volume 1 (by Various Artists) (Sings on Where the Streets Have No Name (Live)

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