I'm an American living in Tokyo interested in socialism. My aim is to use this site to introduce some of the ideas of the World Socialist Movement (worldsocialism.org) to Japan by translating literature into Japanese. I will also include articles on Japan from World Socialist Movement publications, such as the monthly magazine Socialist Standard. More than anything, I would like to come into contact with Japanese people interested in socialism, particularly anyone with the English ability to help me out with translations into Japanese.
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A World Without Money - 5 Questions
貨幣ã®ãªã„世界 ― 5å•
1. Are socialists suggesting that we should do away with money and revert to barter?
社会主義者ã¯ã€è²¨å¹£ã®å¤‰ã‚ã‚Šã«ãƒãƒ¼ã‚¿ãƒ¼ï¼ˆç‰© 々交æ›ï¼‰ã«æˆ»ã£ãŸæ–¹ãŒã„ã„ã€ã¨ã„ã†ã“ã¨ã‚’主 å¼µã—ã¦ã„ã‚‹ã®ã‹ï¼Ÿ
No, we are not. Both money and barter are forms of exchange. Exchange is only possible when there is private property. In a society in which all wealth is owned in common there will be no property to exchange and there will therefore be no need for money or barter. When you get dressed in the morning you do not sell your clothes to yourself, nor do you barter them for some other possession, for you cannot exchange that which is already yours. In socialist society there will be free access to all social wealth because men and women will commonly own the means of production and distribution.
ã„ãˆã€‚ãƒãƒ¼ã‚¿ãƒ¼ã¯ã€è²¨å¹£ã«ã‚ˆã£ã¦åª’介ã•ã‚ŒãŸ å–引ã¨åŒæ§˜ã«ã€ã€Œäº¤æ›ã€ã®ä¸€ã¤ã®å½¢æ…‹ã§ã‚ã‚‹ 。交æ›ã¨ã„ã†ã“ã¨ã‚’å¯èƒ½ã«ã™ã‚‹ã®ã¯ç§çš„所有 ã§ã‚る。ã™ã¹ã¦ã®å¯ŒãŒå…±æœ‰ã«æ‰€æœ‰ã•ã‚Œã¦ã„ã‚‹ 社会ã«ãŠã‘ã‚‹ã€äº¤æ›ã‚’ã™ã‚‹è²¡ç”£ãã®ã‚‚ã®ã¯å˜ 在ã—ãªã„ã‹ã‚‰ã€è²¨å¹£ã¨ãƒãƒ¼ã‚¿ãƒ¼ã®å¿…然性も㪠ããªã‚‹ã€‚æœã€ç€æ›¿ãˆã‚‹ã¨ãã«ã€äººã¯è‡ªåˆ†ã®æœ を自分ã«å¯¾ã—ã¦äº¤æ›ã™ã‚‹ã‚ã‘ã¯ãªã„ã—ã€ãã® æœã‚’ä»–ã®ç‰©ã¨ãƒãƒ¼ã‚¿ãƒ¼ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã‚‚ãªã„。ã¨ã„ ã†ã®ã¯ã€ã™ã§ã«è‡ªåˆ†ã®ç‰©ã¨ã—ã¦å˜åœ¨ã™ã‚‹ç‰©ã‚’ 交æ›ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã¯ã§ãる訳ã¯ãªã„ã‹ã‚‰ã€‚ãれ㨠åŒæ§˜ã«ã€ç¤¾ä¼šä¸»ç¾©ç¤¾ä¼šã«ãŠã‘ã‚‹ã€äººã€…ã¯å…±æœ‰ çš„ã«ç”Ÿç”£æ‰‹æ®µã¨æ‰€æœ‰ã™ã‚‹ã‹ã‚‰ã“ãã€å½¼ã‚‰ã¯ã™ ã¹ã¦ã®ç¤¾ä¼šçš„富ã«å¤§ã—ã¦ãƒ•ãƒªãƒ¼ã‚¢ã‚¯ã‚»ã‚¹ï¼ˆè‡ª ç”±ã«å—ã‘å–る)をã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã¯ã§ãる。
2. Without having to pay for goods and services will people take more than they need?
商å“ã¨ã‚µãƒ¼ãƒ“スã®ãŸã‚ã«æ”¯æ‰•ã†ã“ã¨ã¯ãªã„㪠らã€äººã€…ã¯ãれを自分ãŒå¿…è¦ã¨ã™ã‚‹ãƒ¬ãƒ™ãƒ«ä»¥ 上ã«ã¨ã‚‹ã§ã¯ãªã„ã‹ï¼Ÿ
Why should they? As long as there is enough wealth to provide for everyone (and the potentiality already exists), people in socialist society will take freely to satisfy their self-determined needs. There will be no need to take more than you want because tomorrow you will be able to go back and take more. Socialism will not come into being without conscious socialists and such people will appreciate the importance of reasonable co-operation. If, for example, there is a shortage of a particular resource in socialism, they will have to co-operatively and democratically ration that which is available. The so-called greedy man is an invention of capitalist anthropology: a worker is said to be greedy if he wants more than his wage packet can buy him.
ãれをã™ã‚‹ç†ç”±ã¯ãªã„。ã™ã¹ã¦ã®äººã€…ã®è¦æ±‚ を満ãŸã›ã‚‹å¯ŒãŒå˜åœ¨ã™ã‚‹ã‹ãŽã‚Šï¼ˆãã®å¯èƒ½æ€§ ã¯ã™ã§ã«ã‚る)ã€ç¤¾ä¼šä¸»ç¾©ã®ç¤¾ä¼šã«ãŠã‘る人 々ã¯å¿…è¦ã¨ã™ã‚‹ã‚‚ã®ä»¥ä¸Šã‚’ã¨ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã¯æ„味㌠ãªã„。ã¨ã„ã†ã®ã¯ã€æ˜Žæ—¥ã‚‚ã€æ˜Žå¾Œæ—¥ã‚‚ãã®ã‚‚ ã®ã‚’自由ã«å—ã‘ã‚‹ã‹ã‚‰ã€‚社会主義を実ç¾ã™ã‚‹ ãŸã‚ã«ã€æ„è˜çš„ãªç¤¾ä¼šä¸»ç¾©è€…ãŒå¿…è¦ã—ã€ã㮠人々ã¯å”力ã®é‡è¦ã•ã•ã‚’å分ã«ç†è§£ã™ã‚‹ã€‚例 ãˆã°ã€ã‚ã‚‹ææ–™ã¯è¶³ã‚Šãªã‹ã£ãŸã‚‰ã€ãã®äººã€… ã¯å”力的ã‹ã¤æ°‘主主義的ã«åˆ©ç”¨ã§ãã‚‹ã‚‚ã®ã‚’ é…給ã™ã‚‹ã€‚人間ã®ã„ã‚ゆる「ã©ã‚“欲ãªã€æ€§æ ¼ ã¯ãƒ–ルジョア人類å¦ã®ç™ºæ˜Žã—ãŸã“ã¨ã§ã‚る。 ãã®å¦è€…ã«ã¨ã£ã¦ã€åŠ´åƒè€…ã¯è‡ªã‚‰ã®è³ƒé‡‘ã«ã‚ˆ ã£ã¦è²·ãˆã‚‹ã‚‚ã®ä»¥ä¸Šã«æ¬²ã—ã„ãªã‚‰ã€ãã®åŠ´åƒ 者ã¯ã€Œã©ã‚“欲ã€ã§ã‚る。
3. Is the price system the best way of allocating resources?
資æºã‚’é…分ã™ã‚‹ãŸã‚ã«ã€ä¾¡æ ¼ã«åŸºã¥ã仕組㿠ã¯æœ€é©ã§ã¯ãªã„ã‹ï¼Ÿ
Look around and see. The world is abundant in resources, yet poverty is the lot of the majority. The buying and selling system, based on production for profit, is economically inefficient from the point of view of those who produce the wealth. Socialism means free access to all wealth and production solely for need. This will mean that in a socialist society bread will be produced simply so that people may eat it, and not for sale on the market with a view to profit.
回りを見ã¦ãã ã•ã„。世界ã«è³‡æºãŒè±Šå¯Œã«ã‚ ã‚‹ã«ã‚‚ã‹ã‹ã‚らãšã€å¤§éƒ¨åˆ†ã®äººã€…ã¯è²§å›°ã®ä¸ ã«ç”Ÿãる。富を生産ã™ã‚‹äººã€…ã®è¦³ç‚¹ã‹ã‚‰ã€åˆ© 潤ã®ãŸã‚ã®ç”Ÿç”£ã«åŸºã¥ã„ã¦ã„る売買ã®åˆ¶åº¦ã¯ ã€éžåˆç†çš„ã 。社会主義ã¯ã€ãã®å¯Œã¸ã®ãƒ•ãƒª ーアクセスã¨ä½¿ç”¨ãŒç›®çš„ã¨çŸ¥ã‚‹ç”Ÿç”£ã‚’æ„味㙠る。ã¤ã¾ã‚Šã€ç¤¾ä¼šä¸»ç¾©ã«ãŠã‘ã‚‹ã€ãƒ‘ンã¯å˜ã« 人々ã®é£Ÿå“対象ã¨ã—ã¦ç”Ÿç”£ã•ã‚Œã‚‹ã€‚ãã®ãƒ‘ン 生産ã¯ã€å¸‚å ´ã«å£²ã‚Œã¦åˆ©æ½¤ã‚’ç²ã‚‹ãŸã‚ã®æ‰‹æ®µ ã§ã¯ãªã„。
4. Without wages or salaries, who will do the dirty work?
賃金ã‚ã‚‹ã„ã¯çµ¦æ–™ãŒãªã‹ã£ãŸã‚‰ã€èª°ãŒæ±šã„仕 事をã™ã‚‹ã®ã‹ï¼Ÿ
In society which can land men on the moon and fire missiles across the face of the earth to within inches of a target, the technology certainly exists to do away with much of the unpleasant labour of society. Instead of research into more and more sophisticated killing machines socialism will devote resources to improving productive efficiency from the point of view of both the wealth producer and the wealth consumer. Work in socialism will be based upon voluntary co-operation and not the coercion of the wages system. The division between work (enforced drudgery) and leisure (when your time is your own) will be ended by socialism.
月ã¾ã§æ—…è¡Œã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã€ã‚ã‚‹ã„ã¯éžå¸¸ã«æ£ç¢ºã« ミサイルを発射ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãる社会ã¯ã€å¤š ãã®ä¸æ„‰å¿«ãªä»•äº‹ã‚’排除ã§ãる技術をæŒã£ã¦ ã„る。社会主義ã®ç¤¾ä¼šã®å ´åˆã€äººé–“を殺ã™æ©Ÿ 械を開発ã™ã‚‹æ›¿ã‚ã‚Šã«å¯Œã‚’生産ã™ã‚‹ã¨æ¶ˆè²»ã™ る人々ã®è¦³ç‚¹ã‹ã‚‰ç”Ÿç”£ã®åŠ¹çŽ‡æ€§ã‚’改良ã™ã‚‹ãŸ ã‚ã«ç¤¾ä¼šã®ãƒªã‚½ãƒ¼ã‚¹ã‚’投入ã™ã‚‹ã€‚ãã—ã¦ã€ç¤¾ 会主義ã«ãŠã‘る労åƒã¯ã€è³ƒé‡‘制ã®ã‚ˆã†ã«å¼·åˆ¶ ã§ã¯ãªãã€è‡ªç™ºçš„å”力ã«åŸºã¥ã。ã ã‹ã‚‰ã€ã€Œ 仕事ã€ï¼ˆå¼·åˆ¶çš„ãªé€€å±ˆãªåŠ´åƒï¼‰ã¨ã€Œæš‡ãªæ™‚é–“ ã€ï¼ˆè‡ªåˆ†ã®æ™‚間)ã¨ã„ã†åŒºåˆ¥ã¯ç¤¾ä¼šä¸»ç¾©ã«ã‚ˆ ã£ã¦çµ‚çµã™ã‚‹ã€‚
5. Instead of advocating a world without money, shouldn't socialists be campaigning for a fairer distribution of money?
貨幣ã®ãªã„世界をæå”±ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã‚ˆã‚Šã€ç¤¾ä¼šä¸» 義者ã¯è²¨å¹£ã®ã‚ˆã‚Šå¹³ç‰çš„ãªé…åˆã‚’æå”±ã™ã‚‹æ–¹ ãŒè‰¯ã„ã§ã¯ãªã„ã‹ï¼Ÿ
To expect "fairness" from an inherently unequal is a form of utopianism which has diverted the working class movement for far too long. Under capitalism wealth ownership is concentrated into the hands of a small minority of the world's population. These are the people who have plenty of money. Most people can only obtain money by selling their mental and physical energies to an employer for a price called a wage or salary. You will never get rich by working for money. The only way for the working class to get rich is by getting rid of the money system.
本質的ã«ä¸å¹³ç‰åˆ¶åº¦ã«ã€Œå¹³ç‰ã€ã‚’期待ã™ã‚‹ã“ ã¨ã¯ã‚る種ã®ç©ºæƒ³çš„ãªè€ƒãˆæ–¹ã§ã‚る。ãã—㦠ã€ãã®ã‚ˆã†ãªè€ƒãˆæ–¹ã¯ã€é•·å¹´ã«ã‚ãŸã£ã¦ã€åŠ´ åƒè€…階級ã®é‹å‹•ã‚’迂回ã•ã›ã¦ããŸã€‚資本主義 ã®ã‚‚ã¨ã§ã€å¯Œã®æ‰€æœ‰ã¯å°‘数人ã®æ‰‹ã«ã‚る。ã ã®äººã€…ã®ãŠé‡‘ã¯æº¢ã‚Œã¦ã„る。ãã®ä»–ã®äººã€…㯠ã€è‡ªã‚‰ã®çŸ¥çš„ã¨è‚‰çš„ã®åŠ›ã‚’売るã“ã¨ã«ã‚ˆã£ã¦ ã®ã¿ãŠé‡‘を手ã«å…¥ã‚Šã€ãã®è²¨å¹£ã¯ã€Œè³ƒé‡‘ã€ã‹ 「給料ã€ã¨å‘¼ã°ã‚Œã¦ã„る。ã“ã†ã—ãŸåŠ´åƒã«ã‚ˆ ã£ã¦ã€æ±ºã—ã¦ãŠé‡‘æŒã¡ã«ãªã‚Œãªã„。労åƒè€…㯠ã€å…¨ä½“ã®è²¨å¹£æ€§ã‚’廃æ¢ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ä»¥å¤–ã€ã€Œè±Šã‹ ã€ã«ãªã‚‹é“ã¯ãªã„。
Steve Coleman
Socialist Standard
June 1981